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Review
. 2005 Aug;17(8):2142-55.
doi: 10.1105/tpc.105.032508.

Calcium: a central regulator of plant growth and development

Peter K Hepler  1
Affiliations
Review

Calcium: a central regulator of plant growth and development

Peter K Hepler. Plant Cell. 2005 Aug.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
A [Ca2+]i Increase Precedes Muscle Contraction. After an electrical stimulus, the giant muscle of the acorn barnacle, which had been injected with aeqourin, exhibits an abrupt rise in the [Ca2+]i (bottom trace). Soon thereafter, an increase in muscle tension begins (top trace), which continues even though the Ca2+i quickly returns to basal level. The Ca2+-dependent light emission from aequorin is measured with a photomultiplier tube. Bar = 20 ms. (Figure courtesy of Ridgway and Ashley, 1967, Figure 1a, with permission of Elsevier.)
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The Action Potential in Chara Elicits a [Ca2+]i Increase. A Chara internode cell, which had been injected with aequorin, is stimulated electrically to induce an action potential (top trace). Following closely is a sharp increase in the photomultiplier current indicating Ca2+-dependent light emission from aequorin (bottom trace). Bar = 2 s. (Figure courtesy of Williamson and Ashley, 1982, Figure 2a, with permission of Nature Publishing Group http://www.nature.com/).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Diagram of a Dividing Plant Cell in Late Metaphase. This figure depicts a system of Ca2+-containing endoplasmic reticulum that extends from the spindle poles to the chromosomes along kinetochore microtubules. It was suggested that during anaphase, Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum activates motile processes (e.g., microtubule depolymerization) and thus facilitates movement of the chromosomes to the spindle poles. In support of this model, Ca2+-stimulated depolymerization of microtubules and facilitation of chromosome motion have been observed (Zhang et al., 1992). Although an endogenous increase in [Ca2+]i during anaphase has been reported using the absorbance indicator arsenazo III (Hepler and Callaham, 1987), this has not been repeated with a more efficacious fluorescent dye. (Figure courtesy of Hepler et al., 1981, Figure 7, with kind permission of Springer Science and Business Media.)
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Diagram Depicting the Role of Ca2+ as a Signaling Agent in Plant Cells Published in 1985/86 (Trewavas, 1986). Although some important features of Ca2+ signaling were not known at this time (e.g., the existence of CDPKs), the figure nevertheless represents and anticipates the central role that Ca2+ plays in many aspects of plant growth and development. (Figure courtesy of Trewavas, 1986, frontispiece figure, with permission of Springer Science and Business Media.)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    1. Bennet-Clark, T.A. (1956). Salt accumulation and mode of action of auxin. A preliminary hypothesis. In Chemistry and Mode of Action of Plant Growth Substances, R.L. Wain and F. Wightman, eds (London: Butterworths), pp. 284–291.

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