Is hyperosmotic neurosecretion from motor nerve endings a calcium-dependent process?

Abstract

Spontaneous liberation of neurotransmitter quanta is strongly affected by the osmotic pressure of the extracellular fluid. Elevation of the osmolarity by 20-30% increases the rate of release from motor nerve endings by more than one order of magnitude. In this respect the neuromuscular junction resembles some other secretory systems. The mechanism of this hyperosmotic neurosecretion is not yet understood; extracellular calcium ions are not directly responsible, since this effect can be produced in their absence. Recently, it has been suggested that the liberation of neurotransmitter is regulated by the intracellular concentration of free calcium ions. We have therefore examined the hypothesis that hyperosmotic neurosecretion originates from an increase in internal calcium concentration ([Ca]in). At the frog neuromuscular synapse however, it is impossible at present to estimate directly free [Ca]in; hence we used an indirect technique, which is based on two assumptions; first, the frequency of the miniature endplate potentials (m.e.p.p.s.) reflects free [Ca]in. Second, the movement of calcium ions across the presynaptic membrane is governed by the electrochemical gradient, and by the calcium conductance (g(Ca)). If hyperosmotic neurosecretion is caused by an increase in [Ca]in, then increasing g(Ca), under reversed electrochemical gradient for the calcium should cause a reduction in the effect of hyperosmotic stress on transmitter release. We report that hyperosmotic neurosecretion is dependent on [Ca]in.