Factors of non-compliance with the therapeutic regimen among hypertensive men and women: a case-control study to investigate risk factors of stroke

Abstract

To identify potential risk factors among the therapeutic regimen and life style which may increase the risk for stroke, a pair matched case-control study was conducted in Gaza Strip among 112 patients, who had been hospitalized for acute stroke and history of hypertension, and 224 controls with history of hypertension. Conditional logistic regression models show significant associations between stroke and medication not taking as prescribed (OR = 6.07; 95% CI: 1.53, 24.07), using excessive salt at meals (OR = 4.51; 95% CI: 2.05, 9.90), eating diet high in fat (OR = 4.67; 95% CI: 2.09, 10.40), and high level of stress (OR = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.43, 5.38). No significant association between smoking and the development of stroke (OR = 2.12; 95% CI: 0.82, 5.51) was found. Regular physical exercise was a protective factor (OR=0.26; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.57). Using excessive salt at meals was a significant risk factor (OR = 16.61; 95% CI: 4.40, 62.80) in people having low level of stress, whereas it was not significant in people having high level of stress. (OR = 1.76; 95% CI: 0.58, 5.33). Smoking in combination with low level of stress was a significant risk factor for stroke (OR = 9.88; 95% CI: 2.52, 38.78), but a non-significant protective factor in combination with high level of stress (OR=0.52; 95% CI: 0.14, 1.99). An increase in compliance with the pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic regimen might be a key to a reduction of stroke incidence and prevalence among hypertensive patients.