[Can we prevent the progression of aortic valve sclerosis and stenosis? The need for a prospective, randomized trial]

Abstract

Cardiologists long assumed that aortic valve sclerosis/stenosis is a wear-and-tear, degenerative process; recent studies suggested that lipoproteins can play a key role in the development of both sclerosis/stenosis in the aortic valve. Thus, sclerosis/stenosis cannot be considered as a simple degenerative process, but on the contrary it is complex and involves multiple pathogenetic mechanisms. Experimental, clinical and epidemiological data support the link between aortic valvulopathy and atherosclerosis: both are caused by inflammation, lipid deposition, and accumulation of extracellular bone matrix protein. In non-randomized clinical studies, hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors minimized the progression of aortic valvulopathy. The major pharmacological effect, supposed to underlie the inferred (but still unproven) impact of statins on aortic sclerosis/stenosis is plasma cholesterol reduction. Lately, retrospective clinical studies supported this hypothesis and suggested a key role for statins in delaying the progression of aortic valvulopathy. However, the potential favorable effects of statins require confirmation. Prospective trials in Canada and Europe are now ongoing (ASTRONOMER--Aortic Stenosis Progression Observation Measuring Effects of Rosuvastatin; SEAS--Simvastatin and the Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis) and will address the use of cholesterol-lowering drugs in reducing the progression of aortic valve stenosis and in improving clinical outcomes.