Giant cell tumor in skeletally immature patients

Abstract

The radiographs and clinical and surgical histories of 50 skeletally immature patients with histologically verified giant cell tumor (GCT) of the long and short tubular bones were retrospectively studied to determine the prevalence, location within bone (eg, epiphysis, metaphysis), skeletal distribution, radiographic appearance, and pathogenesis of GCTs. Skeletal immaturity was determined radiographically by the presence of open epiphyses. Patients were selected from a group of 876 patients who were seen in consultation with documented GCT of the tubular bones. Approximately 5.7% of all GCTs occurred in the skeletally immature (this rate must be viewed with caution due to the selection bias inherent in any referral population). The lesions almost invariably involved the metaphysis. The tibia was the most commonly affected site, representing approximately 26% of cases. All were geographic lytic lesions, with margins ranging from sclerotic to ill defined. An expanded (widened), remodeled bone contour was frequently encountered. Approximately 56% of lesions were solid or solid with cystic change; the remaining 44% were predominantly cystic.