[Blood-transmitted viral infections among haemophiliacs in Tunisia]

Abstract

In this work, we proposed to evaluate prevalences of hepatitis B and C viruses and Parvovirus B19 among 70 Tunisian haemophiliacs treated with clotting factors imported from Europe and/or locally produced cryoprecipitate; among them 6 (8.6%) are known HIV positive patients. HBs antigen, anti-HBc antibodies and anti-Parvovirus B19 antibodies were detected in 7.1%, 52.9% and 91.8%, respectively. HCV prevalence, defined as positive ELISA with positive Immunoblot and/or PCR was 50.0%. Prevalences of these viral infections in haemophiliacs are higher than prevalences detected among general population and in the control group of the study. HCV infection is less frequent in haemophiliacs born after 1985, the year of introduction of the inactivation procedures in the production of coagulation factors concentrates; it decreases more considerably after 1994, date of introduction of systematic screening of HCV among blood donors. In contrast, despite the inactivation of the factors concentrates and the systematic screening of the blood donations against HBs antigen, since 1973, the risk of HBV infection contamination remains high in the Tunisian haemophiliacs. The introduction in 1995 of hepatitis B vaccination in the national schedule of new-born vaccination may resolve in the future the problem of HBV infection in haemophiliacs and in the other categories of the Tunisian population.