Relationship between tissue reactions and morphological changes of the fungi in chromoblastomycosis: morphometry and electron microscopy

Abstract

To investigate the histological distribution and the morphology of the fungi and the tissue reactions in chromoblastomycosis, especially in the process of transepidermal elimination, cutaneous lesions of two patients with this disease were studied morphometrically and ultrastructurally. In the dermis, most of the fungal elements appeared as sclerotic cells and their cell wall showed an irregular, worm-eaten leaf-like appearance; they seemed to be continuously attacked by polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The epidermis eliminated 10-20% of all the organisms in the skin lesions, and the hypha-forming activity tended to be higher in the epidermis than in the dermis. Ultrastructurally, basal keratinocytes facing the dermal abscess containing fungal elements frequently appeared as dark cells, suggesting an increased proliferation activity. Spinous keratinocytes facing intraepidermal microabscesses containing fungal elements showed an abnormal accumulation of tonofilaments and further early keratinization in the spinous cell layer. All of the morphological changes of the dermis and epidermis are regarded as defence reactions against the fungi existing in the skin lesions. There is a close relationship between tissue reactions and morphological changes of fungi in chromoblastomycosis.