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. 2005 Sep;19(3):350-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2004.04.005.

Active and passive properties of canine abduction/adduction laryngeal muscles

Fariborz Alipour  1 , Ingo R Titze, Eric Hunter, Niro Tayama
Affiliations

Active and passive properties of canine abduction/adduction laryngeal muscles

Fariborz Alipour et al. J Voice. 2005 Sep.

Abstract

Active and passive characteristics of the canine adductor- abductor muscles were investigated through a series of experiments conducted in vitro. Samples of canine posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA), lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (LCA), and interarytenoid muscle (IA) were dissected from dog larynges excised a few minutes before death and kept in Krebs-Ringer solution at a temperature of 37 degrees C +/- 1 degree C and a pH of 7.4 +/- 0.05. Active twitch and tetanic force was obtained in an isometric condition by applying field stimulation to the muscle samples through a pair of parallel-plate platinum electrodes. Force and elongation of the samples were obtained electronically with a dual-servo system (ergometer). The results indicate that the twitch contraction times of the three muscles are very similar, with the average of 32 +/- 1.9 ms for PCA, 29 +/- 1.6 ms for LCA, and 32 +/- 2.4 ms for IA across all elongations. Thus, PCA, LCA, and IA muscles are all faster than the cricothyroid (CT) muscles but slower than the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscles. The tetanic force response times of these muscles are also similar, with a maximum rate of force increase of 0.14 N/ms.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Schematic of sample mounting and the Krebs solution chamber.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Force-elongation experiment on a sample of laryngeal muscle. The top graph shows the sample elongation due to the sinusoidal stretch at 1 Hz. The bottom graph shows the force response of the sample measure with ergometer.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
A model of a typical twitch force in laryngeal muscles.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Twitch contraction times of canine PCA muscle. The symbols represent different samples, and the solid line represents the calculated average.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Twitch half-relaxation times of canine PCA muscle along with their average.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
A model for tetanic contraction. The top graph shows the tetanic time function (tetanic force normalized to its maximum). The bottom graph shows the time derivative (slope) of the tetanic function.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
The tetanic time constant of the canine PCA muscle. The symbols represent different samples, and the solid line represents the calculated average.
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8
The average tetanic time constants of PCA, LCA, and IA muscles as a function of strain (elongation).
FIGURE 9
FIGURE 9
Active stress-strain relations in canine PCA muscle samples along with their averaged data (solid line).
FIGURE 10
FIGURE 10
Averaged active stress-strain relations of PCA, LCA, and IA muscles.
FIGURE 11
FIGURE 11
Passive stress-strain relations of samples of canine PCA muscles and their averaged curve (solid line).
FIGURE 12
FIGURE 12
Elastic properties of canine PCA, LCA, and IA muscles. The printed values in graphs (E1, E2, and E3) are the mean Young's moduli and standard deviation for low strain.
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