The PcrA3 mutant binds DNA and interacts with the RepC initiator protein of plasmid pT181 but is defective in its DNA helicase and unwinding activities

Abstract

Plasmid rolling-circle replication initiates by covalent extension of a nick generated at the plasmid double-strand origin (dso) by the initiator protein. The RepC initiator protein binds to the plasmid pT181 dso in a sequence-specific manner and recruits the PcrA helicase through a protein-protein interaction. Subsequently, PcrA unwinds DNA at the nick site followed by replication by DNA polymerase III. The pcrA3 mutant of Staphylococcus aureus has previously been shown to be defective in plasmid pT181 replication. Suppressor mutations in the repC initiator gene have been isolated that allow pT181 replication in the pcrA3 mutant. One such suppressor mutant contains a D57Y change in the RepC protein. To identify the nature of the defect in PcrA3, we have purified this mutant protein and studied its biochemical activities. Our results show that while PcrA3 retains its DNA binding activity, it is defective in its helicase and RepC-dependent pT181 DNA unwinding activities. We have also purified the RepC D57Y mutant and shown that it is similar in its biochemical activities to wild-type RepC. RepC D57Y supported plasmid pT181 replication in cell-free extracts made from wild-type S. aureus but not from the pcrA3 mutant. We also demonstrate that both wild-type RepC and its D57Y mutant are capable of a direct physical interaction with both wild-type PcrA and the PcrA3 mutant. Our results suggest that the inability of PcrA3 to support pT181 replication is unlikely to be due to its inability to interact with RepC. Rather, it is likely that a defect in its helicase activity is responsible for its inability to replicate the pT181 plasmid.