Reevaluating occult incontinence

Abstract

Purpose of review: Occult incontinence is a controversial subject without significant exposure in the literature. Conventionally, it has been assumed to be a marker for increased risk of postoperative stress urinary incontinence (POSUI) after repair of pelvic organ prolapse. The controversy surrounds the performance of prophylactic incontinence procedures based on this assumption. Until 2004 no article in the English language had been published demonstrating an association between occult incontinence and increased risk of stress urinary incontinence after repair of severe pelvic organ prolapse in previously continent women. We will explore the evidence regarding occult incontinence, review the data on intervention trials, and address questions that remain.

Recent findings: The limited evidence suggests 11-22% of continent patients with severe pelvic organ prolapse will develop POSUI. New evidence suggests that patients with occult incontinence are at substantially more risk. Since anti-incontinence procedures in patients with occult incontinence reduces the incidence of POSUI (to 0-15%), there appears to be some benefit from screening and intervention. Most studies on the subject are small and limited by their design. Results differ regarding whether a negative stress test can be used to rule out the risk of POSUI.

Summary: Minimal existing evidence in the English language suggests that patients with occult incontinence are at increased risk of POSUI. Outcomes in occult incontinence patients undergoing repair of pelvic organ prolapse need systematic study. Until there is adequate solid evidence on the predictive values of our screening test, we cannot counsel patients regarding our ability to prevent POSUI or protect them from unnecessary procedures.