Natural course of tympanic membrane pathology related to otitis media and ventilation tubes between ages 8 and 18 years

Abstract

Objective: To present the course of tympanic membrane pathology in childhood and young adulthood after otitis media (OM) in early life.

Study design: Prospective follow-up study.

Setting: Community study of a birth cohort.

Patients: Three hundred fifty-eight subjects with a positive and negative history of OM (OM+ or OM-) or ventilation tube insertion (VT+ or VT-) derived from a birth cohort that had been followed-up from preschool to adult age.

Methods: Standardized otomicroscopic examination performed at ages 8 and 18 years.

Main outcome measures: Tympanic membrane abnormalities (i.e., tympanosclerosis, atrophy, atelectasis and retraction pockets of the pars tensa, and retraction of the pars flaccida).

Results: At the age of 8 years, tympanic membrane pathology was highly prevalent in the both OM+ subcohorts (OM+VT+, 92% and OM+VT-, 46%), whereas in the OM- ears (11%), tympanic membrane abnormalities were rare. In the subsequent 10-year period, many tympanic membrane abnormalities disappeared spontaneously, although the prevalence of tympanosclerosis remained substantial in the OM+VT+ cohort.

Conclusion: The natural course of most tympanic membrane pathology associated with OM in early life is favorable over time, suggesting an intrinsic repair capacity of the tympanic membrane. Tympanosclerosis, the most prevalent sequelae of OM and treatment with VT, however, shows little tendency of resolution.