Changes in glutathione peroxidase and tissue selenium concentrations of broilers after consuming a diet adequate in selenium

Abstract

Three experiments (EXP) were conducted with commercial broilers to develop a low-Se diet for comparing plasma glutathione peroxidase (pGPX3) concentrations and then to compare pGPX3 and plasma and tissue Se concentrations in broilers fed this low-Se diet after being supplemented with sodium selenite (SS) or Se-enriched yeast (SY). With the exception of Se, all diets were nutritionally adequate. The EXP lasted from 0 to 20 or 22 d posthatching, and treatments were replicated with 6 to 8 pens of 6 to 15 chicks per pen. The results of EXP 1 and 2 indicated that a cornstarch-dextrose diet containing 10% torula yeast and 31% soybean meal (SBM) resulted in similar gain as a corn-SBM (C-SBM) diet, but the cornstarch-dextrose-torula yeast-SBM diet with no added Se reduced pGPX3 activity 6-fold. In EXP 3, the treatments were a C-SBM diet with 0 or 0.30 ppm added Se from SS or SY. These diets were fed from 0 to 10 d posthatching. Beginning on d 10, all broilers were fed the cornstarch-dextrose-torula yeast-SBM, low-Se diet. On d 10, 13, 16, 19, and 22, three broilers per replicate were randomly selected for plasma and tissue collection. Treatment differences were significant at P < 0.05. Daily gain, daily feed intake, and gain:feed were not affected by diet during the 0-to-10-d or 0-to-22-d periods. Plasma GPX3 activity and plasma, liver, and breast Se concentrations were greater in broilers previously fed the diets with added Se, regardless of source, than in those fed the C-SBM diet, except for liver Se concentration on d 19 of broilers previously fed the SS diet. The pGPX3 concentrations were not different in broilers previously fed either Se diet on d 10 and 13 but were greater in broilers previously fed the SY diet on d 16, 19, and 22. Plasma Se concentrations were not different in broilers previously fed diets with SS or SY on d 10 and 22 but were greater in broilers previously fed the SY diet on d 13, 16, and 19. Breast Se concentrations were greater in broilers previously fed the SY diet than in those fed the SS diet on each day. Liver Se concentrations were not different in broilers previously fed SS or SY diets on d 19 and 22 but were greater in those previously fed the SY diet on d 10, 13, and 16. These results indicated that SY supplementation in broiler diets resulted in greater tissue Se concentrations than SS and that pGPX3 and tissue Se concentrations remained greater in birds previously fed a diet with SY than in those fed SS after being fed a low-Se diet.