Maternal plasma osteoprotegerin concentration in normal pregnancy

Abstract

Objective: Pregnancy is associated with major changes in calcium metabolism because the neonatal skeleton contains approximately 30 g of calcium, which are largely deposited in the third trimester. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) acts as a decoy receptor for the "Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappaB Ligand" (RANKL), which is an essential factor for bone remodeling. This study was conducted to determine whether there were changes in maternal plasma OPG concentration during normal pregnancy.

Study design: A cross-sectional study was performed in 433 patients of reproductive age (40 nonpregnant and 393 pregnant). Pregnant patients were classified into 4 groups according to gestational age: group 1: 11 to 14 weeks (n = 100); group 2: 15 to 18 weeks (n = 99); group 3: 27 to 30 weeks (n = 100); and group 4: 37 to 42 weeks (n = 94). Plasma OPG concentrations were measured with the use of a sensitive and specific immunoassay. Nonparametric statistics were used for analysis.

Results: OPG was detected in the plasma of all women tested. The median OPG concentration was significantly higher in term patients than in those in early pregnancy (median: 6.63 pmol/L [range: 1.57-25.57] vs median: 3.98 pmol/L [range: 0.41-13.71], P < .001). There was no significant difference in plasma OPG concentrations between nonpregnant women and those in groups 1 or 2 (nonpregnant women median: 3.86 pmol/L [range: 1.64-15.29] vs group 1 median: 3.98 pmol/L [range: 0.41-13.71] vs group 2 median: 3.87 pmol/L [range: 1.14-69.83], P = .75).

Conclusion: The median maternal plasma OPG concentration is higher in the third trimester than in the first trimester of pregnancy. OPG may be involved in the regulation of bone turnover during pregnancy.

Figure 1a and 1b

Maternal plasma osteoprotegerin concentrations. There was no significant difference in plasma OPG concentrations between non-pregnant and pregnant women in early (11–14 and 15–18 weeks) gestation [non-pregnant women: median 3.86 pmol/L (range: 1.64–15.29) vs. 11–14 weeks: median 3.98 pmol/L (range: 0.41–13.71) vs. 15–18 weeks: median 3.87 pmol/L (range: 1.14–69.83); p=0.75]. Plasma OPG concentrations increased significantly with advancing gestational age after early pregnancy [15–18 weeks: median 3.87 pmol/L (range: 1.14–69.83) vs. 27–30 weeks: median 5.48 pmol/L (range 1.86–20.68) vs. 37–42 weeks: median 6.63 pmol/L (range 1.57–25.57); Spearman’s rho=0.383; p<0.001].

Figure 1a and 1b

Maternal plasma osteoprotegerin concentrations. There was no significant difference in plasma OPG concentrations between non-pregnant and pregnant women in early (11–14 and 15–18 weeks) gestation [non-pregnant women: median 3.86 pmol/L (range: 1.64–15.29) vs. 11–14 weeks: median 3.98 pmol/L (range: 0.41–13.71) vs. 15–18 weeks: median 3.87 pmol/L (range: 1.14–69.83); p=0.75]. Plasma OPG concentrations increased significantly with advancing gestational age after early pregnancy [15–18 weeks: median 3.87 pmol/L (range: 1.14–69.83) vs. 27–30 weeks: median 5.48 pmol/L (range 1.86–20.68) vs. 37–42 weeks: median 6.63 pmol/L (range 1.57–25.57); Spearman’s rho=0.383; p<0.001].