The use of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke

Abstract

We sought to determine the frequency of use of intravenous (i.v.) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in patients presenting to our institution with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This observational study involved keeping a log of all patients presenting to our institution with symptoms consistent with AIS who were potential candidates for emergency thrombolysis over a 3-year period. The log included brain computed tomography (CT) scan results, whether or not rt-PA was administered, and contraindications to thrombolysis. It also included each patient's time flow through the system, from symptom onset to decision time regarding (and administration of) thrombolytics. Over the 36-month period of the study, there were 142 patients who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) who initially were thought to be potential candidates for thrombolysis for AIS. Ninety-five (68.5%) of these 142 patients had a confirmed diagnosis of AIS. On further clarification of symptom onset, 77 (81%) of these 95 patients with AIS actually presented within 3 h, and 17 (22%) of these 77 patients met criteria for thrombolysis and had no contraindications. All 17 (100%) patients with AIS presenting within 3 h of onset and without contraindications received i.v. rt-PA in the ED. In conclusion, i.v. rt-PA can be administered for AIS within the 3-h window if a hospital is committed to providing this treatment. Thrombolysis remains a treatment for a minority of AIS patients.