Total hip arthroplasty through a minimal posterior approach using imageless computer-assisted hip navigation

Abstract

With decreased exposure in a minimal posterior hip incision, navigation with computer assistance provides an alternative method to accurately place the components. This study compares the results of a series of 82 navigated total hips to a retrospective cohort of 50 hips done with conventional instruments. The surgical incision split the gluteus maximus but did not extend distally into the fascia. The goal of cup placement was 40 degrees to 45 degrees of abduction (ABD) and 17 degrees to 23 degrees of flexion (FLX). Postoperative radiographs were digitized and analyzed. In the study group, 82 hips were done with computer assistance and compared with 50 done with conventional methods (manual) through the same incision. Radiographic analysis showed that there were significantly fewer cases inside the desired range of ABD and FLX in the manual group (6%) compared with the navigation group (30%), P = .001, with significant differences in the variances of ABD and FLX (P = .011 and .028). Improved accuracy of cup placement was found with increased experience in the use of navigation by the surgeon over the time of the series. The use of a computer-assisted surgery navigation system with a minimal posterior incision for a total hip arthroplasty results in significantly more reproducible acetabular component placement.