Initial experience with transluminal recanalization of the recently occluded infarct-related coronary artery in acute myocardial infarction -- comparison with conventionally treated patients

Abstract

In 7 patients, the recently occluded infarct-related vessel was recanalized by transluminal catheter techniques during acute myocardial infarction (Group A). 4 patients had single-vessel disease, 2 patients two-vessels disease and one, involvement of three vessels. Control angiography was performed in 6 patients, 8 days to 7 months later. Changes of coronary artery anatomy and left ventricular function were compared with a group of 9 conventionally treated patients, who were found to have occlusion of the infarct-related vessel in the acute stage (Group B). Five Group B patients had one-vessel disease, 3 patients two-vessel disease and 1 patient, involvement of all three vessels. In the chronic stage, all transluminally recanalized vessels were found to be patent in Group A. There was spontaneous recanalization of the infarct vessel in 4 of 9 Group B patients. In Group A, the length of the akinetic segment (AKS) decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) from 145.4 +/- 48.5 mm to 73.2 +/- 73.4 mm (mean +/- SD). Volume parameters did not change significantly. In Group B, length of the AKS did not change significantly, EDVI increased significantly from 81.1 +/- 19.8 to 106.8 +/- 4.6 ml/m2 (p less than 0.05); ESVI increased significantly from 41.7 +/- 13.7; ml/m2 to 66.8 +/- 37.9 ml/m2 (p less than 0.01). In the acute stage, length of the AKS and volume parameters did not differ significantly between the two groups. In the chronic stage, AKS was significantly shorter (A: 73.2 +/- 63.4 mm; 144.9 +/- 59 mm (p less than 0.0025) and EF was significantly higher (A: 54.6 +/- 11.6%; B: 40.9 +/- 14.5% (p less than 0.05) in Group A. Peak CPK was lower in Group A (A: 1009 +/- 827 U/l; B: 1324 +/- 655 U/l), but this difference did not achieve statistical significance. Results of this pilot study suggest that transluminal recanalization in the early phases of acute myocardial infarction might result in limitation of myocardial injury. However, further research will be needed to improve the technique and to test its results.