Morphological and functional classification of the hemocytes of adult female Simulium vittatum (Diptera: Simuliidae)

Abstract

Morphology and function of the hemocytes of 1-d-old, female Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Four types of hemocytes, comparable with those of other medically important Diptera, were identified: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, and spherulocytes. Plasmatocytes and granulocytes contained neutral red granules, but only granulocytes exhibited significant acid phosphatase activity. Plasmatocytes and granulocytes were identified as the primary phagocytes: plasmatocytes and granulocytes of bacteria in vitro and granulocytes of human red blood cells in vivo. Granulocytes also were observed attached to and degranulating into fat body and hemopoieticlike tissue fragments, perhaps assisting in the mobilization of nutrients for egg development and in the release of immature hemocytes into circulation.