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. 2005 Nov 8;102(45):16374-8.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0501724102. Epub 2005 Oct 28.

Telomere length and heredity: Indications of paternal inheritance

Katarina Nordfjäll  1 , Asa Larefalk, Petter Lindgren, Dan Holmberg, Göran Roos
Affiliations

Telomere length and heredity: Indications of paternal inheritance

Katarina Nordfjäll et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. .

Abstract

Cellular telomere length is linked to replicative life span. Telomere repeats are lost in peripheral blood cells in vivo by age, and women show less telomere attrition than men. Previous reports have indicated that telomere length and chromosome-specific telomere-length patterns partly are inherited. The mode of heredity has not been clarified, but a link to the X chromosome was recently suggested. We analyzed peripheral mononuclear cells from 49 unrelated families for telomere length using a real-time PCR method. Short-term cultured Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblasts from the same individuals (n = 130) were analyzed for ability to maintain telomere length and possible gender-linked inheritance. A statistically significant association between telomere lengths comparing father-son (P = 0.011, n = 20) and father-daughter (P = 0.005, n = 22) pairs was found. However, no correlation was observed between mother-daughter (P = 0.463, n = 23) or mother-son (P = 0.577, n = 18). The father-offspring correlation was highly significant (P < 0.0001), in contrast to mother-offspring (P = 0.361). Epstein-Barr virus cultures demonstrated in most cases telomere preservation inversely related to initial mononuclear cell telomere length with short telomeres displaying the most pronounced elongation. Telomere length is inherited, and evidence for a father-to-offspring heritage of this trait was obtained, whereas in vitro telomere length maintenance was found to be dependent on the initial telomere length.

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Telomere length in relation to age in peripheral MNCs. (A) Children. (B) Parents.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Intrafamilial relations for telomere length in peripheral MNCs. (A) Mother vs. daughter. (B) Mother vs. son. (C) Mother vs. children. (D) Father vs. daughter. (E) Father vs. son. (F) Father vs. children.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
Telomere length in EBV cultures. (A) Relation between telomere length in initial MNC preparation and after EBV-driven cell culture. (B) Change in telomere length during in vitro culture in relation to initial telomere length.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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