Escitalopram: a review of its use in the management of major depressive disorder

Abstract

Escitalopram (Cipralex, Lexapro), the active S-enantiomer of the racemic selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram (RS-citalopram), is a highly selective inhibitor of the serotonin transporter protein. It possesses a rapid onset of antidepressant activity, and is an effective and generally well tolerated treatment for moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder (MDD). Pooled analyses from an extensive clinical trial database suggest that escitalopram is consistently more effective than citalopram in moderate-to-severe MDD. Preliminary studies suggest that escitalopram is as effective as other SSRIs and the extended-release (XR) formulation of the serotonin/noradrenaline (norepinephrine) reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine, and may have cost-effectiveness and cost-utility advantages. However, additional longer-term, comparative studies evaluating specific efficacy, tolerability, health-related quality of life and economic indices would be helpful in definitively positioning escitalopram relative to these other agents in the treatment of MDD. Nevertheless, available clinical and pharmacoeconomic data indicate that escitalopram is an effective first-line option in the management of patients with MDD.