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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2005 Oct 5;9(5):R530-40.
doi: 10.1186/cc3767. Epub 2005 Aug 9.

Efficiency of 7.2% hypertonic saline hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 versus mannitol 15% in the treatment of increased intracranial pressure in neurosurgical patients - a randomized clinical trial [ISRCTN62699180]

Lilit Harutjunyan  1 , Carsten Holz, Andreas Rieger, Matthias Menzel, Stefan Grond, Jens Soukup
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Efficiency of 7.2% hypertonic saline hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 versus mannitol 15% in the treatment of increased intracranial pressure in neurosurgical patients - a randomized clinical trial [ISRCTN62699180]

Lilit Harutjunyan et al. Crit Care. .

Abstract

Introduction: This prospective randomized clinical study investigated the efficacy and safety of 7.2% hypertonic saline hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 (7.2% NaCl/HES 200/0.5) in comparison with 15% mannitol in the treatment of increased intracranial pressure (ICP).

Methods: Forty neurosurgical patients at risk of increased ICP were randomized to receive either 7.2% NaCl/HES 200/0.5 or 15% mannitol at a defined infusion rate, which was stopped when ICP was < 15 mmHg.

Results: Of the 40 patients, 17 patients received 7.2% NaCl/HES 200/0.5 and 15 received mannitol 15%. In eight patients, ICP did not exceed 20 mmHg so treatment was not necessary. Both drugs decreased ICP below 15 mmHg (p < 0.0001); 7.2% NaCl/HES 200/0.5 within 6.0 (1.2-15.0) min (all results are presented as median (minimum-maximum range)) and mannitol within 8.7 (4.2-19.9) min (p < 0.0002). 7.2% NaCl/HES 200/0.5 caused a greater decrease in ICP than mannitol (57% vs 48%; p < 0.01). The cerebral perfusion pressure was increased from 60 (39-78) mmHg to 72 (54-85) mmHg by infusion with 7.2% NaCl/HES 200/0.5 (p < 0.0001) and from 61 (47-71) mmHg to 70 (50-79) mmHg with mannitol (p < 0.0001). The mean arterial pressure was increased by 3.7% during the infusion of 7.2% NaCl/HES 200/0.5 but was not altered by mannitol. There were no clinically relevant effects on electrolyte concentrations and osmolarity in the blood. The mean effective dose to achieve an ICP below 15 mmHg was 1.4 (0.3-3.1) ml/kg for 7.2% NaCl/HES 200/0.5 and 1.8 (0.45-6.5) ml/kg for mannitol (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: 7.2% NaCl/HES 200/0.5 is more effective than mannitol 15% in the treatment of increased ICP. A dose of 1.4 ml/kg of 7.2% NaCl/HES 200/0.5 can be recommended as effective and safe. The advantage of 7.2% NaCl/HES 200/0.5 might be explained by local osmotic effects, because there were no clinically relevant differences in hemodynamic clinical chemistry parameters.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Box-and-whisker plots of the MAP. Data are plotted for the first hour after administration of 7.2% NaCl/HES 200/0.5 (HS) or mannitol 15% (M). In patients receiving 7.2% NaCl/HES 200/0.5, the MAP change was statistically significant compared with the value at the start of treatment († p < 0.05). The changes with mannitol were not statistically significant within the group, but significant after 30 min to HS (*p < 0.05). MAP, mean arterial pressure.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Box-and-whisker plots of the ICP. Data are plotted for the first hour after intravenous administration of 7.2% NaCl/HES 200/0.5 (HS) or mannitol (M). The ICP decreases after injection of the respective test substance significantly in comparison with the baseline value at the start of treatment († p < 0.0001). After 30 min and 60 min, a statistically significant difference was seen between the two treatment regimes (p < 0.05) ICP, intracranial pressure.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Box-and-whisker plots of the mean CPP. Data are plotted within the first hour after administration of 7.2% NaCl/HES 200/0.5 (HS) or mannitol (M). The CPP increases significantly compared with the start of treatment († p < 0.0001). After 30 min and 60 min, a statistically significant difference was seen between the two treatment regimes (p < 0.01). CPP, cerebral perfusion pressure.
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