Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase in graphene
- PMID: 16281031
- DOI: 10.1038/nature04235
Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase in graphene
Abstract
When electrons are confined in two-dimensional materials, quantum-mechanically enhanced transport phenomena such as the quantum Hall effect can be observed. Graphene, consisting of an isolated single atomic layer of graphite, is an ideal realization of such a two-dimensional system. However, its behaviour is expected to differ markedly from the well-studied case of quantum wells in conventional semiconductor interfaces. This difference arises from the unique electronic properties of graphene, which exhibits electron-hole degeneracy and vanishing carrier mass near the point of charge neutrality. Indeed, a distinctive half-integer quantum Hall effect has been predicted theoretically, as has the existence of a non-zero Berry's phase (a geometric quantum phase) of the electron wavefunction--a consequence of the exceptional topology of the graphene band structure. Recent advances in micromechanical extraction and fabrication techniques for graphite structures now permit such exotic two-dimensional electron systems to be probed experimentally. Here we report an experimental investigation of magneto-transport in a high-mobility single layer of graphene. Adjusting the chemical potential with the use of the electric field effect, we observe an unusual half-integer quantum Hall effect for both electron and hole carriers in graphene. The relevance of Berry's phase to these experiments is confirmed by magneto-oscillations. In addition to their purely scientific interest, these unusual quantum transport phenomena may lead to new applications in carbon-based electronic and magneto-electronic devices.
Comment in
-
Materials Science: erasing electron mass.Nature. 2005 Nov 10;438(7065):168-70. doi: 10.1038/438168a. Nature. 2005. PMID: 16281020 No abstract available.
Similar articles
-
Bipolar supercurrent in graphene.Nature. 2007 Mar 1;446(7131):56-9. doi: 10.1038/nature05555. Nature. 2007. PMID: 17330038
-
Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene.Nature. 2005 Nov 10;438(7065):197-200. doi: 10.1038/nature04233. Nature. 2005. PMID: 16281030
-
A topological Dirac insulator in a quantum spin Hall phase.Nature. 2008 Apr 24;452(7190):970-4. doi: 10.1038/nature06843. Nature. 2008. PMID: 18432240
-
Graphene field-effect transistors: electrochemical gating, interfacial capacitance, and biosensing applications.Chem Asian J. 2010 Oct 4;5(10):2144-53. doi: 10.1002/asia.201000252. Chem Asian J. 2010. PMID: 20715049 Review.
-
Electron transport in single molecules: from benzene to graphene.Acc Chem Res. 2009 Mar 17;42(3):429-38. doi: 10.1021/ar800199a. Acc Chem Res. 2009. PMID: 19253984 Review.
Cited by
-
Quantum Oscillations at Integer and Fractional Landau Level Indices in Single-Crystalline ZrTe5.Sci Rep. 2016 Oct 14;6:35357. doi: 10.1038/srep35357. Sci Rep. 2016. PMID: 27739474 Free PMC article.
-
Hydrodynamic model for conductivity in graphene.Sci Rep. 2013;3:1052. doi: 10.1038/srep01052. Epub 2013 Jan 11. Sci Rep. 2013. PMID: 23316277 Free PMC article.
-
Observation of Quantized and Partial Quantized Conductance in Polymer-Suspended Graphene Nanoplatelets.Nanoscale Res Lett. 2016 Dec;11(1):179. doi: 10.1186/s11671-016-1387-8. Epub 2016 Apr 5. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2016. PMID: 27044308 Free PMC article.
-
Non-covalent Functionalization of Graphene to Tune Its Band Gap and Stabilize Metal Nanoparticles on Its Surface.ACS Omega. 2020 Jul 22;5(30):18849-18861. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02006. eCollection 2020 Aug 4. ACS Omega. 2020. PMID: 32775887 Free PMC article.
-
Seed/catalyst-free growth of zinc oxide on graphene by thermal evaporation: effects of substrate inclination angles and graphene thicknesses.Nanoscale Res Lett. 2015 Jan 22;10:10. doi: 10.1186/s11671-014-0716-z. eCollection 2015. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2015. PMID: 25852308 Free PMC article.
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources