Clinical, epidemiological and cost aspects of contact lens related infectious keratitis in Belgium: results of a seven-year retrospective study

Abstract

Aim: Evaluation of the clinical, epidemiological and cost aspects of contact lens related infectious corneal ulcers requiring hospitalisation.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the files of patients hospitalised for contact lens induced corneal ulcer in the eight Belgian University Hospitals over a seven-year period (January 1997 until December 2003). For all hospitalised patients registration of the diagnosis is compulsory using the International Code of Diagnostics (ICD-9).

Results: 107 patients with contact lens related corneal ulcer were included. The great majority, 99 subjects, used soft contact lenses, of which 9 were disposables, 73 planned replacement and 17 conventional lenses. Only 6 patients were night and day wearers. Three patients used daily disposable lenses. The most frequently cultured organisms were Pseudomonas and other Gram-negative germs (70%) and Acanthamoeba (16%). The majority (77%) of the corneal ulcerations were localised centrally which resulted in an average visual loss of 4 lines. In 16 patients a corneal graft was performed and one eye had to be eviscerated.

Conclusion: Despite important technological improvements in contact lens materials and care systems, the problem of infectious ulceration has all but disappeared. On the contrary, during the study period, the number of patients hospitalised increased from 5 in 1997 to 22 in 2003, which is only partially explained by the increasing prevalence of lens wearers: 3,5% of the Belgian population in 1995 and 6,5% in 2003.