[Oligodendrogliomas: historical background of classifications]

Abstract

The story of the classifications for gliomas is related to the development of the techniques used for cytological and histological examination of brain parenchyma. After a review of these techniques and the progressive discovery of the central nervous system cell types, the main classifications are presented. The first classification is due to Bailey and Cushing in 1926. It was based on histoembryogenetic theory. Then Kernohan introduced, in 1938, the concept of anaplasia. The WHO classification was published in 1979, then revised in 1993 and 2000. It took into account some data from both previous systems and introduced gradually the notion of histological criteria of malignancy. More recently; molecular genetics data and clinical evolution were retained. The Sainte-Anne classification for oligodendrogliomas is based on both histological and imaging data. It includes the notion of spatial histological structure of oligodendrogliomas. Contrast enhancement is closely related to endotheliocapillary hyperplasia. Gliomas classifications are changing and confusions can be made because of lack of reproductibility and misinterpretations of samples.