Modifying cancer risk factors: the gene-environment interaction

Abstract

Objectives: To examine the concept of risk modification in the context of cancer prevention.

Data sources: Published articles and research studies on genetic and environmental factors.

Conclusion: How the environment is defined frames how the gene-environment interaction is studied and understood. The development of a workable model for risk modification flexible enough to be individualized for a patient is an important step in making primary prevention the goal in cancer care.

Implications for nursing practice: Nurses working in cancer care are well placed to advise patients on risk-management strategies, and to increase public awareness of the interdependence of environment and genomics on cancer risk.