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Review
. 2005 Dec;89(12):1646-54.
doi: 10.1136/bjo.2005.072546.

Hypertensive retinopathy revisited: some answers, more questions

A Grosso  1 , F Veglio, M Porta, F M Grignolo, T Y Wong
Affiliations
Review

Hypertensive retinopathy revisited: some answers, more questions

A Grosso et al. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005 Dec.

Abstract

Hypertension is associated with cardiovascular risk and systemic target organ damage. Retinopathy is considered one of the indicators of target organ damage. This review focuses on recent studies on hypertensive retinopathy and their implications for clinical care. Early recognition of hypertensive retinopathy signs remains an important step in the risk stratification of hypertensive patients.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mild hypertensive retinopathy. Photograph shows generalised retinal arteriolar narrowing.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mild hypertensive retinopathy. Photograph shows arteriovenous nicking (white arrow).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Moderate hypertensive retinopathy. Photograph shows cottonwool spots and retinal haemorrhages.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Flow chart: supplemental risk assessment by retinal examination.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Malignant hypertensive retinopathy. Photograph shows multiple cotton wool spots, retinal haemorrhages, optic disc swelling, and macular star.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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