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. 2006 Jan 14;332(7533):85-7.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.38684.687940.80. Epub 2005 Dec 8.

Risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis in Russia: case-control study

Richard Coker  1 , Martin McKee, Rifat Atun, Boika Dimitrova, Ekaterina Dodonova, Sergei Kuznetsov, Francis Drobniewski
Affiliations

Risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis in Russia: case-control study

Richard Coker et al. BMJ. .

Abstract

Objectives: To determine risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis in Russia.

Design: Case-control study of exposure to a variety of risk factors before and during the development of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Setting: Large city in Russia.

Participants: Cases were 334 consecutive adults diagnosed as having culture confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2003. Controls were 334 individuals sampled from a validated population registry, matched for age and sex to the patients with tuberculosis. A questionnaire collected information on potential risk factors.

Main outcome measures: Risk factors associated with the development of tuberculosis.

Results: The main risk factors for tuberculosis were low accumulated wealth (univariate odds ratio 16.70), financial insecurity (5.67), consumption of unpasteurised milk (3.58), diabetes (2.66), living with a relative with tuberculosis (2.94), being unemployed (6.10), living in overcrowded conditions (2.99), illicit drug use (8.74), and a history of incarceration in both pretrial detention centres (5.70) and prison (12.50).

Conclusions: When prevalence of exposure is taken into account the most important factors in the development of pulmonary tuberculosis in Russia are exposure to raw milk and unemployment.

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