School-based asthma surveillance: a comparison of student and parental report

Abstract

This study addressed the comparability of data obtained from a student-based and parent-based asthma and respiratory health survey. Our goal was to ascertain whether there were meaningful and systematic differences in asthma classification based on symptom and diagnosis reports obtained separately from students and their parents. A brief, written survey, based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Children questionnaire, was administered to 6th through 10th grade students in two schools in Oakland, CA, USA. Students who reported asthma-like indicators for the previous 12-month period were defined as positive and a more extensive questionnaire was mailed home to those parents. A more refined classification of asthma based on parent report of indicators was compared with student report. Forty-four percent of 1298 students were classified as positive for current asthma-like symptoms and 50% of parent surveys were returned. For the positive students with parent surveys, 59% were classified as 'probable' for asthma based on the parent survey. Overall, the agreement between parent and students' classification was 70%, and 83% for students with a parent report of physician diagnosis of asthma. Students who were discordant with parents for physician diagnosis of asthma were more likely to be male, and more likely to have a parent report of unscheduled Emergency Department visit for wheezing or trouble breathing. Findings indicated that with the exception of medication, students reported asthma indicators more frequently that parents, independent of classification. Student report of physician diagnosis with a 12-month report of an asthma symptom was determined to be a good indicator of probable current asthma. Inclusion of or reliance on a parental questionnaire is not likely to improve the reliability of a school-based asthma surveillance program in our population.