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. 2005;6(4):102-3.
doi: 10.1038/sj.ebd.6400356.

Study design II. Issues of chance, bias, confounding and contamination

Kate Ann Levin  1
Affiliations

Study design II. Issues of chance, bias, confounding and contamination

Kate Ann Levin. Evid Based Dent. 2005.

Abstract

In the first article in the series I explained the importance of study design and gave an overview of the main types of design. Here, I describe the ways in which the results of a study may deviate from the truth and the measures that can be taken to help minimise this when designing a study.

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