[Genetics and pathophysiology of obesity]

Abstract

Obesity is one of the major health problems in developed countries. More than 35% of adults in Germany are considered to be overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m(2)) and approximately 15-20% to be obese (BMI >30 kg/m(2)). Overweight and obesity result from chronic disruption of energy balance. Recent progress in understanding of appetite control and energy expenditure has elucidated a complex integrated system of energy homoeostasis. Although changes in nutritional habits and reduction of physical activity are the main characteristics leading to the strong increase in obesity, it is now recognized that obesity is not only caused by a lack of will power, but can be a consequence of metabolic defects. As obesity results from a genetic make-up favoring weight gain in an "obesigenic" environment the elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms might be translated in novel therapeutic options in the future.