Epidemiologic pictures of Kawasaki disease in Shanghai from 1998 through 2002

Abstract

Background: Epidemiologic features of Kawasaki disease in China is still not clear.

Methods: A questionnaire form and diagnostic guidelines for Kawasaki disease were sent to hospitals in Shanghai, which provided with pediatric medical care. All patients with Kawasaki disease diagnosed during January 1998 through December 2002 were recruited in this study.

Results: A total of 768 patients with Kawasaki disease were reported. The incidence rates of Kawasaki disease for each year were 16.79 (1998), 25.65 (1999), 28.16 (2000), 28.05 (2001), and 36.76 (2002) per 100,000 children under 5 years of age. The male/female ratio was 1.83:1. The age at onset ranged from 1 month to 18.8 years (median: 1.8 years). The disease occurred more frequently in spring and summer. Fever was the most common clinical symptom, followed by oral changes, extremities desquamate, rash, conjunctive congestion, lymphadenopathy, extremities swelling, and crissum desquamate. Cardiac abnormalities were found in 24.3% of patients. The most common cardiac abnormality was coronary artery lesions including dilatation (68%) and aneurysm (10%). The case-fatality rate at acute stage of the disease was 0.26%. A second onset of the disease occurred in 1.82% of patients.

Conclusions: The incidence rate of Kawasaki disease in Shanghai is lower than that reported in Japan, but higher than those in western countries. The increasing trend in incidence, sex distribution and cardiac abnormalities are similar to those in previous reports. The seasonal distribution is similar to the report from Beijing and different from other reports.

Figure 1.. Distribution of age at onset of Kawasaki disease in Shanghai, China, 1998-2002.

Figure 2.. The number of patients with Kawasaki disease by month, Shanghai, China, 1998-2002.

Figure 3.. Dosage of intravenous gamma-globulin for Kawasaki disease by year, Shanghai, China, 1998-2002.

Figure 4.. Proportion of cardiac lesions due to Kawasaki disease by intravenous gamma-globulin regimen, Shanghai, China, 1998-2002.