Exhaled breath condensate levels of eotaxin and macrophage-derived chemokine in stable adult asthma patients

Abstract

Background: Asthma is associated with esoinophilic airway inflammation and overproduction of T-helper type 2 (Th2) lymphocyte-related cytokines.

Objective: This study assessed the eosinophil chemoattractant eotaxin and Th2-specific macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) in the adult asthmatic airway. Eotaxin and MDC levels were determined in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) obtained from adult patients with asthma.

Methods: Fifty-four asthmatics (20 male, mean (SD) age 40 (12) years and percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) 81.7 (20.8)) and 20 age- and sex-matched controls were studied. EBC was collected using EcoScreen by 10 min of tidal breathing with a nose clip. Concentrations of eotaxin and MDC were measured by ELISA.

Results: Asthma patients on inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) had a higher median interquartile range (IQR) level of eotaxin than the steroid-naïve asthmatics (18.5 (17.7-20.1) vs. 17.9 (17.0-18.6) pg/mL, P=0.02) and controls (18.5 (17.7-20.1) pg/mL vs 17.4 (16.3-18.0) pg/mL, P=0.001). Eotaxin level in EBC had a significant negative correlation with the FEV(1)/forced vital capacity ratio (r=-0.43, P=0.03) in steroid-naïve asthmatics. EBC MDC level was higher in subjects on ICS than the steroid naïve asthmatics (120 (118-125) vs. 117 (116-119) pg/mL, P=0.01) and the controls (120 (118-125) vs. 117 (116-120) pg/mL, P=0.02).

Conclusions: Eotaxin and MDC could be measured in EBC of adults with asthma. EBC eotaxin and MDC levels were higher in asthmatics on ICS than the steroid-naïve asthmatics or controls. Exhaled chemokines may be potential non-invasive markers for assessing airway inflammation in asthmatics.