Detection of venous invasion in surgical specimens of colorectal carcinoma: the efficacy of various types of tissue blocks

Abstract

Background: Venous invasion (VI) is an important prognosis predictor after colorectal carcinoma (CRC) resection, enabling more accurate staging and influencing postoperative management.

Aims: To assess/compare various tissue block types (perpendicular, tangential, across mesentery (AM), from major vessels or lymph nodes (LNs)) for VI detection in CRC.

Methods: Fifty two CRCs (51 colectomies, one polypectomy) were studied. Tumours were measured, surface area calculated, and colorectum and bowel wall sites recorded. Weigert's staining for elastin facilitated VI detection. VI sites, type, and amount were recorded. Ratios of relative yield of tissue block types to their frequency were calculated.

Results: Average numbers of tissue blocks/colectomy specimen were: perpendicular, 10.2; tangential, 9.1; AM, 3.3; from major vessels, 2.1. Average number of LNs examined was 16.47. VI was detected in 22 tumours. Overall, VI was detected in 16 perpendicular, seven tangential, five AM, and two LN blocks. VI was detected in eight, two, one, and three tumours in perpendicular, tangential, LN, and AM blocks alone, respectively. In seven tumours, VI was identified in multiple tissue block types. The average number of blocks obtained was 39.7, 42.1, and 38 from all tumours, VI positive, and VI negative tumours, respectively (p = 0.0497). Efficacy to detect VI was 2.151, 2.088, 1.092, 0.172, and 0 for AM, perpendicular, tangential, LN, and mesenteric vessel blocks, respectively.

Conclusions: VI was identified most frequently and in eight cases only in perpendicular blocks. However, extramural VI was detected in six tumours only in blocks cut tangentially, AM, or from harvested LNs. Hence, all these types of blocks should be submitted routinely and scanned for VI.