Nature of the vagal inhibitory innervation to the lower esophageal sphincter
- PMID: 164484
- PMCID: PMC301859
- DOI: 10.1172/JCI108013
Nature of the vagal inhibitory innervation to the lower esophageal sphincter
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the nature of the vagal inhibitory innervation to the lower esophageal sphincter in the anesthetized opossum. Sphincter relaxation with electrical stimulation of the vagus was not antagonized by atropine, propranolol, phentolamine, or by catechloamine depletion with reserpine. A combination of atropine and propranolol was also ineffective, suggesting that the vagal inhibitory influences may be mediated by the noncholinergic, nonadrenergic neurons. To determine whether a synaptic link with nicotinic transmission was present, we investigated the effect of hexamethonium on vagal-stimulated lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Hexamethonium in doses that completely antagonized the sphincter relaxation in response to a ganglionic stimulant, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP), did not block the sphincter relaxation in response to vagal stimulation at 10 pulses per second, and optimal frequency of stimulation. A combination of hexamethonium and catecholamine depletion was also ineffective, but hexamethonium plus atropine markedly antagonized sphincter relaxation (P less than 0.001). Moreover, 4-(m-chlorophenyl carbamoyloxy)-2-butyltrimethylammonium chloride (McN-A-343), a muscarinic ganglionic stimulant, also caused relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. We suggest from these results that: (a) pthe vagal inhibitory pathway to the sphincter consists of preganglionic fibers which synapse with postganglionic neurons: (b) the synaptic transmission is predominantly cholinergic and utilizes nicotinic as well as muscarinic receptors on the postganglionic neuron, and; (c) postganglionic neurons exert their influence on the sphincter by an unidentified inhibitory transmitter that is neither adrenergic nor cholinergic.
Similar articles
-
Pharmacologic identification, activation and antagonism of two muscarine receptor subtypes in the lower esophageal sphincter.J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1984 Aug;230(2):284-91. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1984. PMID: 6205136
-
Effect of nicotine on the lower esophageal sphincter. Studies on the mechanism of action.Gastroenterology. 1975 Jul;69(1):154-9. Gastroenterology. 1975. PMID: 1150020
-
Evidence against purinergic inhibitory nerves in the vagal pathway to the opossum lower esophageal sphincter.Gastroenterology. 1980 May;78(5 Pt 1):898-904. Gastroenterology. 1980. PMID: 7380195
-
On the role of substance P and serotonin in the pyloric motor control. An experimental study in cat and rat.Acta Physiol Scand Suppl. 1985;538:1-69. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl. 1985. PMID: 2418634 Review.
-
Central control of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation.Am J Med. 2000 Mar 6;108 Suppl 4a:90S-98S. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00345-9. Am J Med. 2000. PMID: 10718459 Review.
Cited by
-
Mechanism of stretch-activated excitatory and inhibitory responses in the lower esophageal sphincter.Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Aug;297(2):G397-405. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00108.2009. Epub 2009 Jun 11. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009. PMID: 19520741 Free PMC article.
-
The transmission mechanism of the vagal control of the feline pylorus.J Neural Transm. 1980;48(3):177-88. doi: 10.1007/BF01243502. J Neural Transm. 1980. PMID: 7400807 No abstract available.
-
Sympathetic control of lower esophageal sphincter function in the cat. Action of direct cervical and splanchnic nerve stimulation.J Clin Invest. 1979 Apr;63(4):562-70. doi: 10.1172/JCI109337. J Clin Invest. 1979. PMID: 438321 Free PMC article.
-
Motor responses of the oesophagus to intraluminal distension in normal subjects and patients with oesophageal clearance disorders.Gut. 1987 Mar;28(3):272-9. doi: 10.1136/gut.28.3.272. Gut. 1987. PMID: 3570032 Free PMC article.
-
Age-related impairment of esophagogastric junction relaxation and bolus flow time.World J Gastroenterol. 2017 Apr 21;23(15):2785-2794. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i15.2785. World J Gastroenterol. 2017. PMID: 28487616 Free PMC article.
References
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources