Molecular biology of the small intestine

Abstract

Purpose of review: A concise report of published research is presented here that has provided new insights into the molecular and cell biology of the small intestine.

Recent findings: The precise control of cell renewal lineage commitment, differentiation and apoptosis along the crypt-villus axis are regulated by paracrine and autocrine signaling pathways that include Wnt, Hedgehog and Notch ligands. The downstream signaling pathways and transcriptional control of gene expression are being elucidated. Conditional loss of functional c-myc in the intestinal mucosa may have no effect on the normal homeostasis of this tissue. Manipulation of CUGBP2 expression may modulate the response of normal intestine to radiation therapy.

Summary: The cellular interactions at various levels in the small intestine are being understood and would provide a framework for interventional translational research in coming years.