An archived lot of coccidioidin induces specific coccidioidal delayed-type hypersensitivity and correlates with in vitro assays of coccidioidal cellular immune response

Abstract

No test for assessing cellular immune response in coccidioidomycosis is currently available in the United States. In the present study, we tested 49 healthy subjects living in the coccidioidal endemic region with a 1:55.8 dilution of a single lot of coccidioidin archived since the 1970s. In this group, 23 evaluable subjects demonstrated >/=5 mm of induration at 24, 48 or 72 h, with a mean+/-SEM maximum induration of 18.4+/-4.0 mm. The induration results among 14 subjects reactive at 24 h were compared to those from 179 individuals in an historical cohort studied in the 1980s using a reference lot of coccidioidin. Results were within 5% and not significantly different (P=0.924). The maximum induration response of all evaluable subjects correlated significantly with the results of in vitro tests of coccidioidal cellular immunity using supernatant interferon-gamma concentration and CD69 expression on T cells (Spearman rank correlation coefficients 0.69 and 0.68, respectively; P<0.01 for both). These data suggest that archived coccidioidin retains its potency and specificity and that in vitro test of coccidioidal immunity may have utility in the measurement of coccidioidal cellular immunity.