Papanicolaou test and enzyme-linked in-situ hybridization. A combined diagnostic system for papilloma virus infections with high prognostic value

Abstract

A combined diagnostic system for human papilloma virus (HPV) infections comprising the Papanicolaou test and in-situ hybridization assay was evaluated. Cervical smears from 259 women obtained with a "Cytobrush" were screened. Human papilloma virus genotypes 6/11, 16/18, 31/35/51 were detected by biotin in-situ hybridization in conjunction with a streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase detection complex. The diagnostic sensitivity of this assay was tested by human papilloma virus-DNA-positive human cervical carcinoma cell lines. According to the cytological (Bethesda system) and colposcopical criteria a random control group (n = 80) and prevention (n = 179) were chosen. Compared with Papanicolaou tests the frequency of human papilloma virus-DNA-positive cervices rose with the severity of cell abnormalities. The detection rate of human papilloma viruses-16/18 and human papilloma viruses-31/35/51 and of concomitant infections with human papilloma viruses-6/11 and human papilloma viruses-16/18 and/or human papilloma viruses-31/35/51 increased with the severity of cell dysplasia, whereas the rate of human papilloma virus-6/11 DNAs decreased. The incidence of oncogenic human papilloma virus types 16/18 and 31/35/51 rose with the age of the patients. A follow-up study by Papanicolaou tests of patients with mild (slight) and moderate dysplasias six months after human papilloma virus-DNA-hybridization indicates that human papilloma virus-16/18 DNA-positive lesions are more likely to persist or to progress than human papilloma virus-6/11 DNA-positive cell changes. Human papilloma virus-31/35/51 DNA-positive cell smears exhibited persistent behaviour. Our findings demonstrate that the Papanicolaou test combined with in-situ hybridization is suitable for early diagnosis and prevention of intraepithelial neoplasias and carcinomas of the uterine cervix.