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. 2006 Jun 30;154(1-2):96-101.
doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.12.008. Epub 2006 Feb 9.

A feasibility study of optical coherence tomography for guiding deep brain probes

Sung W Jeon  1 , Mark A Shure, Ken B Baker, David Huang, Andrew M Rollins, Ali Chahlavi, Ali R Rezai
Affiliations

A feasibility study of optical coherence tomography for guiding deep brain probes

Sung W Jeon et al. J Neurosci Methods. .

Abstract

Deep brain simulation (DBS) is effective for the treatment of various diseases including Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. However, anatomical targeting combined with microelectrode mapping of the region requires significant surgical time. Also, the fine-tipped microelectrode imposes a risk of hemorrhage in the event that the trajectory intersects subcortical vessels. To reduce the operation time and the risk of hemorrhage, we propose to use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to guide the insertion of the DBS probe. We conducted in vitro experiments in the rat brain to study the feasibility of this application. The result shows that OCT is able to differentiate structures in the rat brain. White matter tends to have higher peak reflectivity and steeper attenuation rate compared to gray matter. This structural information may help guide DBS probe advance and electrical measurements.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Photographs depicting rat brain OCT scanning sites. Steel pins were inserted in the coronal section to facilitate alignment of OCT images with histological images. Dashed squares in the photographs correspond to OCT images (Figs. 3 and 4).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Schematic drawing of OCT system. SLD, superluminescent diode; PC, polarization controller; BPF, band pass filter; and A/D, analog to digital converter.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
OCT and histological images. The OCT image (top) revealed internal structures that were confirmed in the corresponding composite stack of light microscopic images (below). ec, External capsule; opt, optic tract; ic, internal capsule; CA2(3), field CA2(3) of hippocampus; fi, fimbria of the hippocampus; and LG, lateral geniculate nucleus.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
OCT and histological images. These images are similar in organization to those in Fig. 3, but are from a different area. S1BF, primary somatosensory cortex, barrel field and ic, internal capsule.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Averaged ROIs or averaged A-scans or gray (hippocampus) and white (external capsule). In-averaged A-scans of ROIs in gray (upper) and white (lower) matter, the slope of the robust least-square fit (straight line) was proportional to the attenuation coefficient in the range of log-linear intensity.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Clustering of different tissue types. White (circle) and gray (square) matter formed clusters when attenuation coefficients were plotted against maximum log intensities. Even within the white matter, capsules (open circles) and optic tracts (closed circles) formed discrete clusters.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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