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. 2005 Dec;11(12):1916-20.
doi: 10.3201/eid1112.050722.

Intergenogroup recombination in sapoviruses

Grant S Hansman  1 , Naokazu Takeda, Tomoichiro Oka, Mitsukai Oseto, Kjell-Olof Hedlund, Kazuhiko Katayama
Affiliations

Intergenogroup recombination in sapoviruses

Grant S Hansman et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Dec.

Abstract

Sapovirus, a member of the family Caliciviridae, is an etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in humans and pigs. Analyses of the complete genome sequences led us to identify the first sapovirus intergenogroup recombinant strain. Phylogenetic analysis of the nonstructural region (i.e., genome start to capsid start) grouped this strain into genogroup II, whereas the structural region (i.e., capsid start to genome end) grouped this strain into genogroup IV. We found that a recombination event occurred at the polymerase and capsid junction. This is the first report of intergenogroup recombination for any calicivirus and highlights a possible route of zoonoses because sapovirus strains that infect pig species belong to genogroup III.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Phylogenetic analysis of (A) the nonstructural region (i.e., genome start to capsid start) and (B) the structural region (i.e., capsid start to genome end), showing the different genogroups. The numbers on each branch indicate the bootstrap values for the genotype. Bootstrap values >950 were considered significant for the grouping (10). The scale represents nucleotide substitutions per site. GenBank accession numbers are as follows: Mc10, AY237420; Manchester, X86560; Dresden, AY694184; SW278, DQ125333; Ehime1107, DQ058829; NK24, AY646856; C12, AY603425; Bristol, AJ249939; Mc2, AY237419; PEC, AF182760; and SK15, AY646855.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A) SimPlot analysis of 7 sapovirus (SaV) complete genome sequences. The Mc10 genome sequence was compared to C12, Bristol, Mc2, SK15, SW278, and Ehime1107 by using a window size of 100 bp with an increment of 20 bp. All gaps were removed. The recombination site is suspected to be located between the polymerase and capsid gene, as shown by the arrows. B) Genomic organization of the SaV SW278 and Ehime1107 strains.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Nucleotide alignment of Manchester, Dresden, Mc2, Bristol, Mc10, SK15, C12, SW278, Ehime1107, NK24, and PEC sequences, showing the conserved polymerase and capsid junction. The asterisks represent conserved nucleotides. The shaded nucleotides represent the putative capsid start codons.
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