[Inflammatory response and haematological disorders in cardiac surgery: toward a more physiological cardiopulmonary bypass]

Abstract

The systemic inflammatory response in cardiac surgery is closely related to the haemostasis disturbances. It is responsible of a significant morbidity and mortality that was previously suspected to be caused by cardiopulmonary bypass alone. However, it is time now to clearly identify the factors that are material-dependent from that material-independent. From this point of view, off-pump surgery allowed for better comprehension of the multiple sources of the inflammatory response. Numerous pathways are activated, involving complement, platelets, neutrophiles and monocytes. The tissue pathway of the coagulation system, through tissue factor, is of major importance and has to be surgically considered in order to reduce the whole body inflammatory response postoperatively. The quality of the extracorporeal perfusion through its consequences on organ perfusion, particularly in the splanchnic area, also participates to this pathophysiological process. Beyond the progress of technology provided by the industry, particularly the minimally extracorporeal circulation derived from off-pump surgery evolution, the surgical approach is of major importance in the control of the systemic inflammatory response and must not be ignored yet.