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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2006 May;122(1-2):43-52.
doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2005.12.020. Epub 2006 Feb 21.

Parent attention versus distraction: impact on symptom complaints by children with and without chronic functional abdominal pain

Lynn S Walker  1 , Sara E Williams, Craig A Smith, Judy Garber, Deborah A Van Slyke, Tricia A Lipani
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Parent attention versus distraction: impact on symptom complaints by children with and without chronic functional abdominal pain

Lynn S Walker et al. Pain. 2006 May.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of parent attention and distraction on symptom complaints by children with and without chronic functional abdominal pain. The water load symptom provocation task was used to induce visceral discomfort in pediatric patients with abdominal pain (N=104) and well children (N=119), ages 8-16 years. Parents were randomly assigned and trained to interact with their children according to one of three conditions: Attention, Distraction, or No Instruction. Children's symptom complaints and parents' responses were audiotaped and coded. Children completed a self-report measure of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms before and after interacting with their parents. Parents' and children's perceptions of their interaction were assessed. Compared to the No Instruction condition, symptom complaints by pain patients and well children nearly doubled in the Attention condition and were reduced by half in the Distraction condition. The effect of attention on symptom complaints was greater for female pain patients than for male patients or well children. Findings for self-report GI symptoms were similar to those for audiotaped symptom complaints. Both pain patients and well children in the Distraction condition rated parents as making them feel better compared to ratings for the Attention condition. Parents of pain patients rated distraction as having greater potential negative impact on their children than attention. Parents' responses to children's symptom complaints can significantly increase or decrease those complaints. Girls with functional abdominal pain are particularly vulnerable to the symptom-reinforcing effects of parental attention.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
By condition, mean proportions of parents’ Attending, Distracting, and Uncodeable Talk, and mean proportions of children's Symptom Complaints and Other Talk.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Means and standard errors for children's symptom complaints by condition and group controlling for total number of child utterances. *Significant at p < .01.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Effect sizes of parent training conditions compared to the No Instruction condition on symptom complaints by pain patients and well children.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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