Functional and structural deficits in brain regions subserving face perception in schizophrenia

Abstract

Objective: Schizophrenia impairs many cognitive functions, including face perception. Veridical face perception is critical for social interaction, including distinguishing friend from foe and familiar from unfamiliar faces. The main aim of this study was to determine whether patients with schizophrenia show less activation in neural networks related to face processing, compared with healthy subjects, and to investigate the relationships between this functional abnormality and anatomical abnormalities in the fusiform gyrus shown with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Method: Twenty male chronic schizophrenia patients and 16 healthy comparison subjects matched with the patients for age, gender, handedness, and parental socioeconomic status underwent high-spatial-resolution MRI. Event-related potentials elicited by images of faces, cars, and hands were recorded in a separate session.

Results: Compared to the healthy subjects, the patients with schizophrenia showed bilateral N170 amplitude reduction in response to images of faces but not to images of other objects. The patients also had smaller bilateral anterior and posterior fusiform gyrus gray matter volumes, compared to the healthy subjects. In addition, right posterior fusiform gyrus volume was significantly correlated with N170 amplitude measured at the right posterior temporal electrode site in response to images of faces in the schizophrenia patients but not in the healthy comparison subjects.

Conclusions: The results provide evidence for deficits in the early stages of face perception in schizophrenia. The association of these deficits with smaller fusiform gyrus volume in patients with schizophrenia, relative to healthy subjects, suggests that the fusiform gyrus is the site of a defective anatomical substrate for face processing in schizophrenia.

FIGURE 1

Delineation of the Anterior and Posterior Fusiform Gyrus Regions of Interest

FIGURE 2

Mean N170 Waveforms in Response to Three Types of Stimuli at the P7/P8 and PO9/PO10 Electrode Sites in Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Comparison Subjectsa ^a N170 amplitudes were measured at the typical N170 potential recording sites (P7/P8) and at more ventral sites, which showed the largest effect (PO9/PO10). A significant main effect of stimulus was found in the healthy comparison group (F=6.24, df=2, 14, p=0.01) but not in the patient group (F=0.16, df=2, 18, p=0.86), indicating that the N170 amplitude was not modulated in response to different stimuli in patients with schizophrenia.

FIGURE 3

Absolute Volumes of the Right and Left Anterior and Posterior Fusiform Gyrus Gray Matter in Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Comparison Subjectsa ^a Means are indicated by horizontal lines. Patients with schizophrenia had smaller right and left anterior and posterior fusiform gyrus gray matter volumes, compared with healthy comparison subjects (F=6.21, df=1, 27, p=0.02).

FIGURE 4

Correlation Between Absolute Volume of the Right Posterior Fusiform Gyrus and N170 Amplitude at the P8 Electrode Site in Response to Images of Faces in Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Comparison Subjectsa ^a Correlation coefficients (patients: r=−0.69, p=0.003; comparison subjects: r=0.29, p=0.33) were significantly different between groups (z=2.7, p=0.006).