Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Comment
. 2006 Mar 21;103(12):4333-4.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0600780103. Epub 2006 Mar 13.

How bile acids confer gut mucosal protection against bacteria

Alan F Hofmann  1 , Lars Eckmann
Affiliations
Comment

How bile acids confer gut mucosal protection against bacteria

Alan F Hofmann et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. .
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest statement: No conflicts declared.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Differing mechanisms by which conjugated bile acids inhibit bacterial overgrowth of the human small intestine. In the proximal small intestine (duodenum and jejunum), conjugated bile acids (and accompanying fatty acids) inhibit bacterial growth directly because of their pharmacological properties. In the distal small intestine, as presented in Inagaki et al. (4), conjugated bile acids interact with FXR in the ileal enterocyte by inducing genes promoting the synthesis and secretion of antimicrobial factors from the epithelium (solid line) or by initiating a cascade of events beyond the epithelial cell that can promote elimination of luminal bacteria (dashed line). Bile acid molecules are shown four orders of magnitude larger than their actual size.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment on

References

    1. Hofmann A. F., Mysels K. J. Colloids Surf. 1988;30:145–173.
    1. Hjelm R. P., Schteingart C. D., Hofmann A. F., Thiyagarajan P. J. Phys. Chem. 2000;104:197–211.
    1. Hofmann A. F. The Gastrointestinal System. Salivary, Gastric, Pancreatic, and Hepatobiliary Secretion. In: Schultz S.G., editor. Handbook of Physiology. Vol. III. 1989. pp. 567–596. (Am. Physiol. Soc., Bethesda)
    1. Inagaki T., Moschetta A., Lee Y.-K., Peng L., Zhao G., Downes M., Yu R. T., Shelton J. M., Richardson J. A., Repa J. J., et al. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 2006;103:3920–3925. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bauer T. M., Steinbruckner B., Brinkmann F. E., Ditzen A. K., Schwacha H., Aponte J. J., Pelz K., Kist M., Blum H. E. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2001;96:2962–2967. - PubMed

Substances

LinkOut - more resources