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. 2006 Feb;74(1):55-65.
doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.74.1.55.

A social-interactional model of the development of depressive symptoms in adolescence

Joseph P Allen  1 , Glenda Insabella, Maryfrances R Porter, Felicia D Smith, Debbie Land, Nicole Phillips
Affiliations

A social-interactional model of the development of depressive symptoms in adolescence

Joseph P Allen et al. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006 Feb.

Abstract

This study used longitudinal, multimethod data to examine specific patterns of behavioral interaction with parents and peers that were hypothesized to predict increasing levels of depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Adolescents' struggles in establishing autonomy and relatedness in interactions with mothers, and a withdrawn, angry, or dependent pattern of behavior with a best friend, were assessed with observational and peer-report methods in a community sample of 143 adolescents, who were also assessed for levels of depressive symptoms at age 13 and with whom the authors followed up 1 year later. Study hypotheses were confirmed, with dysfunctional interaction patterns with parents and peers combining additively to account for substantial change variance in depressive symptoms over time. Results are interpreted as highlighting specific behavioral patterns that may be promising to address via psychosocial interventions targeting adolescent depression.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Interaction of initial levels of depression and behavior with mother undermining autonomy and relatedness in predicting depression at age 14.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Allen JP, Hall FD, Insabella GM, Land DJ, Marsh PA, Porter MR. Supportive Behavior Coding System. University of Virginia; Charlottesville, VA: 2001.
    1. Allen JP, Hauser ST, Bell KL, McElhaney KB, Tate DC, Insabella GM, et al. The autonomy and relatedness coding system. University of Virginia; Charlottesville: 2000. Unpublished manuscript.
    1. Allen JP, Hauser ST, Bell KL, O'Connor TG. Longitudinal assessment of autonomy and relatedness in adolescent–family interactions as predictors of adolescent ego development and self-esteem. Child Development. 1994;65:179–194. - PubMed
    1. Allen JP, Hauser ST, Eickholt C, Bell KL, O'Connor TG. Autonomy and relatedness in family interactions as predictors of expressions of negative adolescent affect. Journal of Research on Adolescence. 1994;4:535–552.
    1. Allen JP, Hauser ST, O'Connor TG, Bell KL. Prediction of peer-rated adult hostility from autonomy struggles in adolescent–family interactions. Development and Psychopathology. 2002;14:123–137. - PMC - PubMed

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