Peptic ulcer disease in a general adult population: the Kalixanda study: a random population-based study

Abstract

The authors' aim in this study was to explore the prevalence, symptomatology, and risk factors for peptic ulcer in a general adult population. Between December 1998 and June 2001, the authors surveyed a random sample (n=3,000) of the adult population (n=21,610) in two communities in northern Sweden using a validated questionnaire, the Abdominal Symptom Questionnaire (response rate=74%). A subsample (n=1,001) of the responders was randomly invited to undergo esophagogastroduodenoscopy and symptom assessment (response rate=73%). The prevalence of peptic ulcer was 4.1% (20 gastric ulcers and 21 duodenal ulcers). Nausea and gastroesophageal reflux were significant predictors of peptic ulcer disease, but epigastric pain/discomfort was not. Six persons with gastric ulcer and two persons with duodenal ulcer were asymptomatic. Eight subjects with duodenal ulcer (38%) lacked evidence of current Helicobacter pylori infection. Five (25%) of the gastric ulcers and four (19%) of the duodenal ulcers were idiopathic (no use of aspirin or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, no H. pylori infection). Smoking, aspirin use, and obesity were risk factors for gastric ulcer; smoking, low-dose (<or=160 mg) aspirin use, and H. pylori infection were risk factors for duodenal ulcer. Peptic ulcer disease often coexists with atypical symptoms or no symptoms at all, and idiopathic duodenal ulcer may be more common than anticipated.