Neurovascular preservation in orthotopic cystectomy: impact on female sexual function

Abstract

Objectives: The published data regarding female orthotopic cystectomy have focused primarily on urethral recurrence and urinary continence. In a new era of sexuality, evaluating postoperative sexual outcome has become a new surgical endpoint. In this study, we focused on the impact of neurovascular preservation after radical cystectomy and neobladder construction.

Methods: We assessed female sexuality in 13 patients after orthotopic cystectomy using a standardized questionnaire, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Six patients had undergone nerve-sparing cystectomy and seven had undergone contemporary non-nerve-sparing cystectomy. Intraoperatively, the tumor was deemed oncologically safe for neurovascular preservation. All 13 patients were sexually active preoperatively, were younger than 65 years old, had recurrence-free follow-up findings after 1 year, and had undergone no pelvic irradiation. The 19-item FSFI questionnaire analyzed six domains (desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain) of sexual function.

Results: In the nerve-sparing group (mean age 55.9 years), the baseline and 12-month postoperative scores showed a minimal decline in results, with a total mean FSFI score of 24.5 versus 22.3, respectively. In analyzing each of the six domains, no significant decline or difference was observed. Conversely, in the non-nerve-sparing group (mean age 56.7 years), a significant decline or difference was found in the 12-month total mean FSFI scores between the baseline and postoperative FSFI scores (25.0 versus 11.0, respectively). In the non-nerve-sparing group, 6 of 7 patients ultimately discontinued sexual intercourse.

Conclusions: Female sexual function was preserved in patients who received neurovascular preservation. In contrast, all domains of sexual function declined in patients who had undergone non-neurovascular preservation.