Pacemaker activity of locus coeruleus neurons: whole-cell recordings in brain slices show dependence on cAMP and protein kinase A

Abstract

Noradrenergic neurons of the rat locus coeruleus (LC) are endogenous pacemakers that exhibit slow, tonic firing even in the complete absence of synaptic inputs. In the present study a time-dependent decline in LC spontaneous firing activity was found on intracellular dialysis during whole-cell recording with low-resistance patch electrodes; this decline was accentuated by a specific inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKI5-24). Conversely, the inclusion of cAMP, 8-Br-cAMP, or the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKAcat) in the patch pipettes dose-dependently increased firing rate; intracellular PKI5-24 blocked both 8-Br-cAMP and PKAcat-induced firing in LC neurons. These results indicate that endogenous cAMP, via a phosphorylation-dependent route, drives tonic pacemaker activity in LC neurons.