Unexplained infant and child death: a review of sudden infant death syndrome, sudden unexplained infant death, and child maltreatment fatalities including shaken baby syndrome

Abstract

Purpose of review: This review will examine the most recent published literature on Sudden Infant Death, Sudden Unexplained Infant Death, infant and child death due to maltreatment, and Shaken Baby Syndrome.

Recent findings: New recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics about the evaluation and prevention of possible Sudden Infant Death Syndrome cases were published this year, with a focus not only on the Back to Sleep campaign, but other factors that may contribute to the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Additionally, the controversial issue of bed sharing is addressed, with advice given not to bed share in the first 3 months of life. The possibility of a second sudden infant death within a family is discussed. Attention is also paid to the importance of considering inflicted injury in the differential diagnosis of every unexplained infant or child death, and the recent literature on child maltreatment deaths is reviewed.

Summary: The grieving family who has lost an infant should receive immediate attention and support, and a multidisciplinary investigation team should be involved as soon as possible so that a full investigation can take place. Investigation of unexplained infant or child death should always involve a thorough interview with all adults involved, as well as a proper scene investigation and post-mortem examination.