Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2006 Apr 15;332(7546):909-12.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.332.7546.909.

Can fetuses feel pain?

Affiliations

Can fetuses feel pain?

Stuart W G Derbyshire. BMJ. .

Abstract

Legal or clinical mandates to prevent pain in fetuses are based on limited evidence and may put women seeking abortion at unnecessary risk. This paper outlines neurodevelopment in fetuses in the context of pain experience

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Can a fetus experience pain? Credit: JIM STEVENSON/SPL
Figure 2
Figure 2
Key developmental stages before and after birth. Colours illustrate gradual emergence of indicated feature. Solid colour indicates that feature is clearly apparent although not necessarily fully developed (frontal cortex synaptogenesis, for example, continues into adolescence). Colour becoming dim again indicates that feature is transient (hyperexcitability to noxious stimulation, for example, appears at about four months' gestation but is no longer a feature of behaviour after three months of age). See text and earlier reviewsw4-w6 for further details

Comment in

  • Fetuses can feel pain.
    Tighe M. Tighe M. BMJ. 2006 Apr 29;332(7548):1036. doi: 10.1136/bmj.332.7548.1036. BMJ. 2006. PMID: 16644849 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Fitzgerald M. The prenatal growth of fine diameter afferents into the rat spinal cord—a transganglionic study. J Comp Neurol 1987;261: 98-104. - PubMed
    1. Fitzgerald M. Cutaneous primary afferent properties in the hindlimb of the neonatal rat. J Physiol 1987;383: 79-92. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Andrews KA, Fitzgerald M. The cutaneous withdrawal reflex in human neonates: sensitization, receptive fields, and the effects of contralateral stimulation. Pain 1994;56: 95-101. - PubMed
    1. Hevner RF. Development of connections in the human visual system during fetal mid-gestation: a DiI-tracing study. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2000;59: 385-92. - PubMed
    1. Larroche JC. The marginal layer in the neocortex of a 7 week-old human embryo: a light and electron microscopic study. Anat Embryol 1981;162: 301-12. - PubMed

Publication types