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. 2006 Apr 19;2006(2):CD003049.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003049.pub2.

Community animal health services for improving household wealth and health status of low income farmers

M Martin Curran  1 , H G Maclehose
Affiliations

Community animal health services for improving household wealth and health status of low income farmers

M Martin Curran et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Community animal health services in low-income countries aim to improve the health of animals and directly improve the wealth and health or livelihood of their owners. These services have been promoted by aid organizations since the 1970s.

Objectives: To summarize reliable research of community animal health services on indicators for household wealth and health.

Search strategy: We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register (July 2005), CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2005, Issue 2), MEDLINE (1966 to July 2002), AGRIS (1975 to July 2005), Science Citation Index (2000 to July 2005), STN SIGLE database (1976 to 2002), and AGRICOLA (19 July 2005). We contacted relevant researchers and organizations, and also checked the reference lists of articles.

Selection criteria: Randomized controlled trials and controlled before-and-after studies comparing community animal health services with no community animal health services or with an alternative animal health service.

Data collection and analysis: We independently assessed studies for inclusion in the review.

Main results: No studies met the inclusion criteria.

Authors' conclusions: Well-designed randomized controlled trials or controlled before-and-after studies that use standard pragmatic outcomes are needed to evaluate the positive results reported by observational studies.

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Conflict of interest statement

Between 1997 and 2001, Marina Martin Curran was employed by VETAID, an organization that trains and supports community animal health workers in low income countries.

Harriet G MacLehose: none known.

Update of

References

References to studies excluded from this review

Admassu 2005 {published data only}
    1. Admassu B, Nega S, Haile T, Abera B, Hussein A, Catley A. Impact assessment of a community‐based animal health project in Dollo Ado and Dollo Bay districts, southern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production 2005;37(1):33‐48. - PubMed
Allport 2005 {published data only}
    1. Allport R, Mosha R, Bahari M, Swai E, Catley A. The Use of Community‐Based Animal Health Workers to Strengthen Disease Surveillance Systems in Tanzania. Revue Scientifique Et Technique‐Office International Des Epizooties 2005;24(3):921‐32. - PubMed
Catley 1996 {published data only}
    1. Catley A. Pastoralists, paravets and privatisation: experiences in the Sanaag region of Somaliland. Pastoral Development Network series. Vol. 39, London: Overseas Development Institute, 1996.
Dupont 2003 {published data only}
    1. Dupont A. VETAID / CEDES Gaza Post Emergency Livestock Support Project Impact Assessment. Unpublished report for VETAID, UK.
Grandin 1991 {published data only}
    1. Grandin B, Thampy R, Young J. Case study village animal healthcare: A community based approach to livestock development in Kenya. London: Intermediate Technology, 1991.
Hadrill 1982 {published data only}
    1. Hadrill D. Training of community animal health workers: a review. ITDG Agriculture Animal Health Working Group 1982.
Huttner 2000 {unpublished data only}
    1. Huttner K. Impact assessment of a community‐based animal health service program in Northern Malawi [MSc thesis]. New Zealand: Massey University, 2000.
Jones 1999 {unpublished data only}
    1. Jones BA, Deemer B, Leyland TJ, Mogga W, Stem E. Community‐based animal health services in southern Sudan: the experience so far. www.vetwork.org.uk/baj‐sudan.html (accessed 10 June 2000).
Lohr 1986 {unpublished data only}
    1. Lohr KF, Bhannasiri T, Aranyakamanda P, Meemark N, Choochandra T, Leidl K. Farmers' self‐help basic animal health service in north‐east Thailand. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Livestock Production and Diseases in the Tropics. 1986 Aug 18‐22; Kuala Lumpur. 1986:235‐9.
Mariner 1994 {published data only}
    1. Mariner JC, Akabwai DMO, Toyang J, Zoyem N, Ngagyou A. Community‐based vaccination with thermostable vero cell‐adapted rinderpest vaccine (Thermovax). The Kenya Veterinarian 1994;18(2):507‐9.
Moktan 1990 {unpublished data only}
    1. Moktan D, Mitchelhill BK, Joshi YR. Village animal health workers in the Koshi hills: an evaluation report. Pakhribas Agricultural Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal 1990.
Morris 1989 {unpublished data only}
    1. Morris RS, Meemark N. Factors influencing adoption of the basic animal health service. Proceedings of the International Seminar on Animal Health and Production Services for Village Livestock. 1989 Aug 2‐9; Khon Kaen, Thailand. 1989:383‐98.
Mugunieri 2004 {published data only}
    1. Mugunieri GL, Irungu P, Omiti JM. Performance of community‐based animal health workers in the delivery of livestock health services. Tropical Animal Health and Production 2004;36(6):523‐35. - PubMed
Odhiambo 1998 {unpublished data only}
    1. Odhiambo O, Holden S, Ackello‐Ogutu C. Oxfam Wajir Pastoral Development Project: Economic Impact Assessment Report. Oxfam UK/Ireland, Nairobi, Kenya 1998.
Sanaag CBO 1999 {unpublished data only}
    1. Sanaag community based organisation. ActionAid Somaliland Programme Review. London: ActionAid, June 1999.
Schreuder 1996 {published data only}
    1. Schreuder BE, Noorman N, Halimi M, Wassink G. Livestock mortality in Afghanistan in districts with and without a veterinary programme. Tropical Animal Health and Production 1996;28(2):129‐36. - PubMed
Schreuder 1998 {published data only}
    1. Schreuder BE, Noorman N, Halimi M, Dommelen M, Hennecken M, Wassink G. Further observations on the impact of a veterinary programme in Afghanistan on seasonal livestock mortality. Tropical Animal Health and Production 1998;30(2):83‐9. [MEDLINE: ] - PubMed
Tibbo 1998 {unpublished data only}
    1. Tibbo K. Dairy goat and animal healthcare project: Meru and Tharaka‐Nithi Districts, Kenya. FARM Africa, UK 1998.
Young 1994 {published data only}
    1. Young J, Stoufer K, Ojha N, Dijkema HP. Case study: animal healthcare training, Nepal's animal health improvement training programme. London: Intermediate Technology, 1994.

Additional references

Leonard 1993
    1. Leonard D K. Structural reform of the veterinary profession in Africa and the new instituional economics. Development and Change 1993;24(2):227‐67.
Matti 2000
    1. Matti J. Final evaluation report of the Participatory Animal Health Project, Tanzania. Vetaid UK 2000.
Mpelumbe 1994
    1. Mpelumbe IS. Perspectives on the privatisation of veterinary practices in the context of livestock production in Africa. OIE 1994:73‐87.
Muir 1999
    1. Muir A. The Participatory Animal Health Project, Simanjiro District, Tanzania: Review. Vetaid UK 1999.
Odeyemi 1994
    1. Odeyemi IA. A review of the policy to privatise animal health delivery services in Nigeria. University of Edinburgh 1994.
Schillhorn 1995
    1. Schillhorn van Veen T, Haan C. Trends in the organization and financing of livestock and animal health services. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 1995;25:225‐40.
World Bank 2002
    1. World Bank. Country classification. www.worldbank.org/data/countryclass/countryclass.html (accessed 6 June 2002).

References to other published versions of this review

Martin Curran 2002a
    1. Martin Curran M, MacLehose HG. Community animal health services for improving household wealth and health status of low income farmers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002, Issue 4. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003049.pub2] - PMC - PubMed
Martin Curran 2002b
    1. Martin Curran M, MacLehose HG. Community animal health services for improving household wealth and health status of low‐income farmers. Tropical Animal Health and Production 2002;34(6):449‐70. - PubMed

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