Meta-Analysis
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005321.pub2.
Viscosupplementation for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee
Affiliations
- PMID: 16625635
- PMCID: PMC8884110
- DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005321.pub2
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Meta-Analysis
Viscosupplementation for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee
Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
.
Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent chronic joint disorder worldwide and is associated with significant pain and disability.
Objectives: To assess the effects of viscosupplementation in the treatment of OA of the knee. The products were hyaluronan and hylan derivatives (Adant, Arthrum H, Artz (Artzal, Supartz), BioHy (Arthrease, Euflexxa, Nuflexxa), Durolane, Fermathron, Go-On, Hyalgan, Hylan G-F 20 (Synvisc Hylan G-F 20), Hyruan, NRD-101 (Suvenyl), Orthovisc, Ostenil, Replasyn, SLM-10, Suplasyn, Synject and Zeel compositum).
Search strategy: MEDLINE (up to January (week 1) 2006 for update), EMBASE, PREMEDLINE, Current Contents up to July 2003, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched. Specialised journals and reference lists of identified randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and pertinent review articles up to December 2005 were handsearched.
Selection criteria: RCTs of viscosupplementation for the treatment of people with a diagnosis of OA of the knee were eligible. Single and double-blinded studies, placebo-based and comparative studies were eligible. At least one of the four OMERACT III core set outcome measures had to be reported (Bellamy 1997).
Data collection and analysis: Each trial was assessed independently by two reviewers for its methodological quality using a validated tool. All data were extracted by one reviewer and verified by a second reviewer . Continuous outcome measures were analysed as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). However, where different scales were used to measure the same outcome, standardized mean differences (SMD) were used. Dichotomous outcomes were analyzed by relative risk (RR).
Main results: Seventy-six trials with a median quality score of 3 (range 1 to 5) were identified. Follow-up periods varied between day of last injection and eighteen months. Forty trials included comparisons of hyaluronan/hylan and placebo (saline or arthrocentesis), ten trials included comparisons of intra-articular (IA) corticosteroids, six trials included comparisons of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), three trials included comparisons of physical therapy, two trials included comparisons of exercise, two trials included comparisons of arthroscopy, two trials included comparisons of conventional treatment, and fifteen trials included comparisons of other hyaluronans/hylan. The pooled analyses of the effects of viscosupplements against 'placebo' controls generally supported the efficacy of this class of intervention. In these same analyses, differential efficacy effects were observed for different products on different variables and at different timepoints. Of note is the 5 to 13 week post injection period which showed a percent improvement from baseline of 28 to 54% for pain and 9 to 32% for function. In general, comparable efficacy was noted against NSAIDs and longer-term benefits were noted in comparisons against IA corticosteroids. In general, few adverse events were reported in the hyaluronan/hylan trials included in these analyses.
Authors' conclusions: Based on the aforementioned analyses, viscosupplementation is an effective treatment for OA of the knee with beneficial effects: on pain, function and patient global assessment; and at different post injection periods but especially at the 5 to 13 week post injection period. It is of note that the magnitude of the clinical effect, as expressed by the WMD and standardised mean difference (SMD) from the RevMan 4.2 output, is different for different products, comparisons, timepoints, variables and trial designs. However, there are few randomised head-to-head comparisons of different viscosupplements and readers should be cautious, therefore, in drawing conclusions regarding the relative value of different products. The clinical effect for some products, against placebo, on some variables at some timepoints is in the moderate to large effect-size range. Readers should refer to relevant tables to review specific detail given the heterogeneity in effects across the product class and some discrepancies observed between the RevMan 4.2 analyses and the original publications. Overall, the analyses performed are positive for the HA class and particularly positive for some products with respect to certain variables and timepoints, such as pain on weight bearing at 5 to 13 weeks postinjection. In general, sample-size restrictions preclude any definitive comment on the safety of the HA class of products; however, within the constraints of the trial designs employed no major safety issues were detected. In some analyses viscosupplements were comparable in efficacy to systemic forms of active intervention, with more local reactions but fewer systemic adverse events. In other analyses HA products had more prolonged effects than IA corticosteroids. Overall, the aforementioned analyses support the use of the HA class of products in the treatment of knee OA.
Conflict of interest statement
The original review was externally supported by Genzyme Biosurgery [formerly Biomatrix, Inc] and Wyeth‐Ayerst as an unrestricted educational grant. Finances supported research staff to research this treatment area for all products, not just that manufactured by Genzyme BioSurgery [formerly Biomatrix, Inc]. The interpretation of the results are those of the reviewers who retain the right to publish.
Dr. Nicholas Bellamy and Dr. Robert Bourne participated in the Raynauld (Raynauld 2002) trial. Dr. Bellamy was a co‐investigator on the Steering Committee of the Raynauld (Raynauld 2002) trial, and previously provided consulting services to Biomatrix and Genzyme Inc.
Dr. Bourne was a clinical investigator in the Raynauld (Raynauld 2002) trial.
Product‐based analyses were circulated to each respective manufacturer prior to finalisation of the original review to permit any factual errors to be addressed. Comments were received from some but not all manufacturers.
Figures
Comparison 1 Adant versus Hyalgan, Outcome 1 Patient global assessment (number of patients excellent/good).
Comparison 1 Adant versus Hyalgan, Outcome 2 Safety: number of painful injections.
Comparison 2 Artz versus placebo, Outcome 1 Pain (100 mm VAS).
Comparison 2 Artz versus placebo, Outcome 2 Pain score (0‐3).
Comparison 2 Artz versus placebo, Outcome 3 WOMAC pain (0‐20 Likert).
Comparison 2 Artz versus placebo, Outcome 4 WOMAC function (0‐68 Likert).
Comparison 2 Artz versus placebo, Outcome 5 Lequesne Index (0‐24).
Comparison 2 Artz versus placebo, Outcome 6 Range of motion.
Comparison 2 Artz versus placebo, Outcome 7 Patient global assessment (number of patients improved).
Comparison 2 Artz versus placebo, Outcome 8 WOMAC stiffness (0‐8 Likert).
Comparison 2 Artz versus placebo, Outcome 9 Number of survivors (patients not requiring additional treatment for study knee) 45 to 52 weeks post‐injection.
Comparison 2 Artz versus placebo, Outcome 10 Number of clinical failures.
Comparison 2 Artz versus placebo, Outcome 11 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 2 Artz versus placebo, Outcome 12 Safety: number of patients reporting adverse events (45 to 52 weeks post‐ injection).
Comparison 2 Artz versus placebo, Outcome 13 Safety: withdrawals due to adverse events.
Comparison 2 Artz versus placebo, Outcome 14 Safety: number of patients with local adverse reaction but study drug continued.
Comparison 2 Artz versus placebo, Outcome 15 Safety: number of adverse events probably/possibly related to treatment.
Comparison 2 Artz versus placebo, Outcome 16 Safety: number of serious adverse events (45 to 52 weeks post‐injection).
Comparison 2 Artz versus placebo, Outcome 17 Safety: total withdrawals overall (knees).
Comparison 3 Artzal versus Hylan G‐F 20 (Also see Hylan G‐F 20 versus hyaluronan, NRD‐101 versus Artz, SLM‐10 versus Artz), Outcome 1 Pain on weight bearing (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 3 Artzal versus Hylan G‐F 20 (Also see Hylan G‐F 20 versus hyaluronan, NRD‐101 versus Artz, SLM‐10 versus Artz), Outcome 2 Lequesne Index (0‐24).
Comparison 3 Artzal versus Hylan G‐F 20 (Also see Hylan G‐F 20 versus hyaluronan, NRD‐101 versus Artz, SLM‐10 versus Artz), Outcome 3 Number of clinical failures.
Comparison 3 Artzal versus Hylan G‐F 20 (Also see Hylan G‐F 20 versus hyaluronan, NRD‐101 versus Artz, SLM‐10 versus Artz), Outcome 4 Number of survivors (patients not requiring additional treatment for study knee) (45 to 52 weeks post‐injectio.
Comparison 3 Artzal versus Hylan G‐F 20 (Also see Hylan G‐F 20 versus hyaluronan, NRD‐101 versus Artz, SLM‐10 versus Artz), Outcome 5 Safety: number of patients withdrawn due to adverse events (45 to 52 weeks post‐injection).
Comparison 3 Artzal versus Hylan G‐F 20 (Also see Hylan G‐F 20 versus hyaluronan, NRD‐101 versus Artz, SLM‐10 versus Artz), Outcome 6 Safety: number of adverse events related to treatment (45 to 52 weeks post‐ injection).
Comparison 3 Artzal versus Hylan G‐F 20 (Also see Hylan G‐F 20 versus hyaluronan, NRD‐101 versus Artz, SLM‐10 versus Artz), Outcome 7 Safety: number of patients reporting adverse events (45 to 52 weeks post‐ injection).
Comparison 4 BioHy (Arthrease, Euflexxa) versus placebo, Outcome 1 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 4 BioHy (Arthrease, Euflexxa) versus placebo, Outcome 2 Safety: number of adverse events for injection site pain.
Comparison 5 BioHy (Arthrease, Euflexxa) versus Hylan G‐F 20 (Synvisc), Outcome 1 WOMAC pain (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 5 BioHy (Arthrease, Euflexxa) versus Hylan G‐F 20 (Synvisc), Outcome 2 WOMAC physical function (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 5 BioHy (Arthrease, Euflexxa) versus Hylan G‐F 20 (Synvisc), Outcome 3 WOMAC stiffness (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 5 BioHy (Arthrease, Euflexxa) versus Hylan G‐F 20 (Synvisc), Outcome 4 WOMAC pain (number of patients symptom free: VAS score below 20 mm).
Comparison 5 BioHy (Arthrease, Euflexxa) versus Hylan G‐F 20 (Synvisc), Outcome 5 WOMAC function (number of patients symptom free: VAS score below 20 mm).
Comparison 5 BioHy (Arthrease, Euflexxa) versus Hylan G‐F 20 (Synvisc), Outcome 6 Patient assessment of treatment (number of patients very satisfied or satisfied).
Comparison 5 BioHy (Arthrease, Euflexxa) versus Hylan G‐F 20 (Synvisc), Outcome 7 Rescue medication usage (number of patients using acetaminophen).
Comparison 5 BioHy (Arthrease, Euflexxa) versus Hylan G‐F 20 (Synvisc), Outcome 8 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 5 BioHy (Arthrease, Euflexxa) versus Hylan G‐F 20 (Synvisc), Outcome 9 Safety: withdrawals due to adverse events.
Comparison 5 BioHy (Arthrease, Euflexxa) versus Hylan G‐F 20 (Synvisc), Outcome 10 Safety: withdrawals due to lack of efficacy.
Comparison 5 BioHy (Arthrease, Euflexxa) versus Hylan G‐F 20 (Synvisc), Outcome 11 Safety: number of patients with serious adverse events.
Comparison 5 BioHy (Arthrease, Euflexxa) versus Hylan G‐F 20 (Synvisc), Outcome 12 Safety: number of patients with joint effusion.
Comparison 5 BioHy (Arthrease, Euflexxa) versus Hylan G‐F 20 (Synvisc), Outcome 13 Safety: number of patients reporting adverse events.
Comparison 6 Durolane versus placebo, Outcome 1 Responder: reduction in the WOMAC pain score of at least 40% with an absolute improvement of at least 5 points.
Comparison 6 Durolane versus placebo, Outcome 2 Responder: patients only with knee OA, reduction in WOMAC pain score of at least 40%, abs improvement 5 points.
Comparison 6 Durolane versus placebo, Outcome 3 WOMAC pain (change from baseline; 0 to 20 Likert).
Comparison 6 Durolane versus placebo, Outcome 4 WOMAC stiffness (change from baseline; 0 to 8 Likert).
Comparison 6 Durolane versus placebo, Outcome 5 WOMAC physical function (change from baseline; 0 to 68 Likert).
Comparison 6 Durolane versus placebo, Outcome 6 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 6 Durolane versus placebo, Outcome 7 Safety: withdrawals due to inefficacy.
Comparison 6 Durolane versus placebo, Outcome 8 Safety: withdrawals due to adverse events.
Comparison 6 Durolane versus placebo, Outcome 9 Safety: number of patients affected by device‐related adverse events.
Comparison 6 Durolane versus placebo, Outcome 10 Safety: number of patients with adverse events related to injection only.
Comparison 6 Durolane versus placebo, Outcome 11 Safety: number of patients with non‐serious treatment‐related adverse events.
Comparison 6 Durolane versus placebo, Outcome 12 Safety: number of patients with non‐serious adverse events.
Comparison 6 Durolane versus placebo, Outcome 13 Safety: number of patients with treated unrelated adverse events.
Comparison 6 Durolane versus placebo, Outcome 14 Safety: number of patients with serious treatment‐unrelated adverse events.
Comparison 7 Fermathron versus Hyalart, Outcome 1 Pain (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 7 Fermathron versus Hyalart, Outcome 2 Lequesne Index (0‐24).
Comparison 7 Fermathron versus Hyalart, Outcome 3 Patient global assessment (number of patients much better/better).
Comparison 7 Fermathron versus Hyalart, Outcome 4 Safety: number of related adverse events.
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 1 Pain on weight bearing (walking) (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 2 Pain spontaneous (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 3 Pain at rest (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 4 Pain at night (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 5 WOMAC pain (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 6 Number of joints improved for walking pain.
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 7 Number of joints improved for pain under load.
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 8 Number of knee joints without rest pain.
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 9 Number of knee joints without night pain.
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 10 Number of joints with improvement in pain on touch.
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 11 Number of patients with moderate/marked pain.
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 12 Pain (number of patients improved).
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 13 WOMAC function (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 14 Lequesne Index (0‐24).
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 15 Flexion (degrees).
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 16 Synovial fluid volume (ml).
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 17 Joint space width (mm).
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 18 Patient global assessment (number of patients improved).
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 19 Patient global assessment (number of joints fairly good/good/very good).
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 20 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 21 Safety: withdrawals due to lack of efficacy.
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 22 Safety: withdrawals due to painful injection.
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 23 Safety: number of patients with local adverse reaction and study drug discontinued.
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 24 Safety: number of patients with local adverse reaction but study drug continued.
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 25 Safety: number of patients discontinued due to adverse events.
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 26 Safety: number of patients with serious or severe adverse events.
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 27 Safety: number of knee joints with local adverse reaction.
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 28 Safety: number of patients with injection site pain or painful intra‐articular injection.
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 29 Safety: number of patients with local joint pain or swelling.
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 30 Safety: number of patients with local skin rash or ecchymosis.
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 31 Safety: number of patients with gastrointestinal complaints.
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 32 Safety: number of patients with pruritis (local).
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 33 Safety: number of patients with treatment related adverse events.
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 34 Safety: number of patients reporting adverse events.
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 35 Number of patients with none/slight/mild pain.
Comparison 8 Hyalgan versus placebo, Outcome 36 Joint space width (mm) (after three courses of treatment and stratified subgroups).
Comparison 9 Hyalgan versus arthroscopy, Outcome 1 Pain (0‐10 cm VAS).
Comparison 9 Hyalgan versus arthroscopy, Outcome 2 Knee Society Function scale.
Comparison 9 Hyalgan versus arthroscopy, Outcome 3 Lequesne Index (0‐24).
Comparison 9 Hyalgan versus arthroscopy, Outcome 4 Clinical outcome (number of patients requiring further intervention).
Comparison 9 Hyalgan versus arthroscopy, Outcome 5 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 9 Hyalgan versus arthroscopy, Outcome 6 Safety: number of patients with pain at injection site.
Comparison 10 Hyalgan versus NSAID, Outcome 1 Pain after 50 foot walk (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 10 Hyalgan versus NSAID, Outcome 2 Number of patients with moderate or marked pain.
Comparison 10 Hyalgan versus NSAID, Outcome 3 Number of patients with none/slight/mild pain.
Comparison 10 Hyalgan versus NSAID, Outcome 4 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 10 Hyalgan versus NSAID, Outcome 5 Safety: withdrawals due to lack of efficacy.
Comparison 10 Hyalgan versus NSAID, Outcome 6 Safety: number of patients withdrawn due to gastrointestinal events.
Comparison 10 Hyalgan versus NSAID, Outcome 7 Safety: number of patients withdrawn due to injection site pain.
Comparison 10 Hyalgan versus NSAID, Outcome 8 Safety: number of patients with injection site pain.
Comparison 10 Hyalgan versus NSAID, Outcome 9 Safety: number of patients with local joint pain or swelling.
Comparison 10 Hyalgan versus NSAID, Outcome 10 Safety: number of patients with local skin rash.
Comparison 10 Hyalgan versus NSAID, Outcome 11 Safety: number of patients with gastrointestinal complaints.
Comparison 10 Hyalgan versus NSAID, Outcome 12 Safety: number of patients with pruritis (local).
Comparison 11 Hyalgan versus methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 1 Spontaneous pain intensity (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 11 Hyalgan versus methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 2 Number of joints with moderate or severe walking pain.
Comparison 11 Hyalgan versus methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 3 Number of patients with moderate or severe pain under load.
Comparison 11 Hyalgan versus methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 4 Number of joints with moderate or severe pain under load.
Comparison 11 Hyalgan versus methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 5 Number of patients with at least moderate or greater night pain.
Comparison 11 Hyalgan versus methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 6 Number of patients with moderate or greater rest pain.
Comparison 11 Hyalgan versus methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 7 Function: range of motion (flexion in degrees).
Comparison 11 Hyalgan versus methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 8 Patient global (number of patients very good or good, excellent or /good).
Comparison 11 Hyalgan versus methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 9 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 11 Hyalgan versus methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 10 Safety: number of patients withdrawn due to lack of efficacy.
Comparison 11 Hyalgan versus methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 11 Safety: number of patients withdrawn due to adverse events.
Comparison 11 Hyalgan versus methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 12 Safety: number of patients with local or systemic reactions.
Comparison 11 Hyalgan versus methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 13 Safety: number of joints with local reactions but continued in trial.
Comparison 12 Hyalgan versus triamcinolone hexacetonide, Outcome 1 Pain on nominated activity (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 12 Hyalgan versus triamcinolone hexacetonide, Outcome 2 Pain at rest (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 12 Hyalgan versus triamcinolone hexacetonide, Outcome 3 Pain at night (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 12 Hyalgan versus triamcinolone hexacetonide, Outcome 4 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 12 Hyalgan versus triamcinolone hexacetonide, Outcome 5 Safety: wIthdrawals due to lack efficacy.
Comparison 12 Hyalgan versus triamcinolone hexacetonide, Outcome 6 Safety: wIthdrawals due to adverse events.
Comparison 13 Hyalgan versus mucopolysaccharide polysulfuric acid ester, Outcome 1 Pain (0‐30) change.
Comparison 13 Hyalgan versus mucopolysaccharide polysulfuric acid ester, Outcome 2 Function (0‐30) change.
Comparison 13 Hyalgan versus mucopolysaccharide polysulfuric acid ester, Outcome 3 Range of motion (0‐10) change.
Comparison 13 Hyalgan versus mucopolysaccharide polysulfuric acid ester, Outcome 4 Total Larson rating score (0‐77) change.
Comparison 13 Hyalgan versus mucopolysaccharide polysulfuric acid ester, Outcome 5 Patient global (number of patients symptom free or markedly improved).
Comparison 13 Hyalgan versus mucopolysaccharide polysulfuric acid ester, Outcome 6 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 13 Hyalgan versus mucopolysaccharide polysulfuric acid ester, Outcome 7 Safety: adverse events due to study medication.
Comparison 14 (Hyalgan plus exercise plus ultrasound) versus control warmup exercise, Outcome 1 Pain (0‐10 cm VAS).
Comparison 14 (Hyalgan plus exercise plus ultrasound) versus control warmup exercise, Outcome 2 Lequesne Index (0‐26).
Comparison 14 (Hyalgan plus exercise plus ultrasound) versus control warmup exercise, Outcome 3 Range of motion (degrees).
Comparison 14 (Hyalgan plus exercise plus ultrasound) versus control warmup exercise, Outcome 4 Ambulation speed (metres per minute).
Comparison 14 (Hyalgan plus exercise plus ultrasound) versus control warmup exercise, Outcome 5 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 15 (Hyalgan plus exercise plus ultrasound) versus exercise, Outcome 1 Pain (0‐10 cm VAS).
Comparison 15 (Hyalgan plus exercise plus ultrasound) versus exercise, Outcome 2 Lequesne Index (0‐26).
Comparison 15 (Hyalgan plus exercise plus ultrasound) versus exercise, Outcome 3 Range of motion (degrees).
Comparison 15 (Hyalgan plus exercise plus ultrasound) versus exercise, Outcome 4 Ambulation speed (metres per minute).
Comparison 15 (Hyalgan plus exercise plus ultrasound) versus exercise, Outcome 5 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 16 (Hyalgan plus exercise plus ultrasound) versus (exercise plus ultrasound), Outcome 1 Pain (0‐10 cm VAS).
Comparison 16 (Hyalgan plus exercise plus ultrasound) versus (exercise plus ultrasound), Outcome 2 Lequesne Index (0‐26).
Comparison 16 (Hyalgan plus exercise plus ultrasound) versus (exercise plus ultrasound), Outcome 3 Range of motion (degrees).
Comparison 16 (Hyalgan plus exercise plus ultrasound) versus (exercise plus ultrasound), Outcome 4 Ambulation speed (metres per minute).
Comparison 16 (Hyalgan plus exercise plus ultrasound) versus (exercise plus ultrasound), Outcome 5 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 17 Hyalgan versus conventional therapy (three courses of treatment), Outcome 1 Pain overall (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 17 Hyalgan versus conventional therapy (three courses of treatment), Outcome 2 Lequesne Index (0‐24).
Comparison 17 Hyalgan versus conventional therapy (three courses of treatment), Outcome 3 Joint space width (mm).
Comparison 17 Hyalgan versus conventional therapy (three courses of treatment), Outcome 4 Quality of life (AIMS: total of 12 items).
Comparison 17 Hyalgan versus conventional therapy (three courses of treatment), Outcome 5 Arthroscopy overall assessment (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 17 Hyalgan versus conventional therapy (three courses of treatment), Outcome 6 SFA scoring (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 17 Hyalgan versus conventional therapy (three courses of treatment), Outcome 7 Safety: total withdrawals.
Comparison 18 Hyalgan versus Hylan G‐F 20, Outcome 1 Safety: number of patients with local reaction (acute inflammation and pain).
Comparison 19 Hyalgan versus Hyalgan, Outcome 1 Patient global (number of patients assessing response as satisfactory).
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 1 Pain on weight bearing (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 2 Pain walking (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 3 WOMAC pain.
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 4 Pain at night (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 5 Pain at rest (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 6 Pain overall (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 7 WOMAC physical function.
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 8 Lequesne Index (0‐24).
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 9 Function: improvment in most painful knee movement (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 10 15 metre walking time.
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 11 WOMAC stiffness (2 to 10 Likert).
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 12 Patient global assessment (0‐100 mm VAS; where 100 is worst severity).
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 13 Patient global assessment (number of patients good or very good) 5 to 13 weeks post‐injection.
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 14 Patient global evaluation of efficacy due to treatment.
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 15 Physician global assessment (0‐100 mm VAS; where 100 is worst severity).
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 16 Number of survivors (patients not requiring additional treatment for study knee).
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 17 Number of clinical failures.
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 18 Need for paracetamol (pill count).
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 19 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 20 Safety: number of patients withdrawn due to noncomplinance.
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 21 Safety: number of patients with local reaction.
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 22 Safety: number of patients with local adverse reactions but study drug continued.
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 23 Safety: number of patients with one or more probable or possible related systemic adverse events.
Comparison 20 Hylan G‐F 20 versus placebo, Outcome 24 Safety: number of patients reporting systemic reactions.
Comparison 21 Hylan G‐F 20 versus NSAID, Outcome 1 Pain on motion (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 21 Hylan G‐F 20 versus NSAID, Outcome 2 WOMAC pain (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 21 Hylan G‐F 20 versus NSAID, Outcome 3 Pain at rest (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 21 Hylan G‐F 20 versus NSAID, Outcome 4 Pain at night (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 21 Hylan G‐F 20 versus NSAID, Outcome 5 Pain overall (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 21 Hylan G‐F 20 versus NSAID, Outcome 6 WOMAC function (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 21 Hylan G‐F 20 versus NSAID, Outcome 7 Lequesne Index (0‐24).
Comparison 21 Hylan G‐F 20 versus NSAID, Outcome 8 Patient overall assessment of treatment (number of patients excellent, very good, good).
Comparison 21 Hylan G‐F 20 versus NSAID, Outcome 9 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 21 Hylan G‐F 20 versus NSAID, Outcome 10 Safety: number of patients with local reactions.
Comparison 21 Hylan G‐F 20 versus NSAID, Outcome 11 Safety: number of patients with probable or possible related systemic adverse events.
Comparison 21 Hylan G‐F 20 versus NSAID, Outcome 12 Safety: withdrawals due to adverse events.
Comparison 22 (Hylan G‐F 20 + NSAID + arthrocentesis) versus (NSAID + arthrocentesis), Outcome 1 Pain on motion (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 22 (Hylan G‐F 20 + NSAID + arthrocentesis) versus (NSAID + arthrocentesis), Outcome 2 Pain at rest (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 22 (Hylan G‐F 20 + NSAID + arthrocentesis) versus (NSAID + arthrocentesis), Outcome 3 Pain at night (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 22 (Hylan G‐F 20 + NSAID + arthrocentesis) versus (NSAID + arthrocentesis), Outcome 4 Pain overall (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 22 (Hylan G‐F 20 + NSAID + arthrocentesis) versus (NSAID + arthrocentesis), Outcome 5 Patient overall assessment of treatment (number of patients excellent, very good, or good).
Comparison 22 (Hylan G‐F 20 + NSAID + arthrocentesis) versus (NSAID + arthrocentesis), Outcome 6 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 23 Hylan G‐F 20 versus betamethasone, Outcome 1 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 23 Hylan G‐F 20 versus betamethasone, Outcome 2 Safety: wIthdrawals due to lack of efficacy.
Comparison 23 Hylan G‐F 20 versus betamethasone, Outcome 3 Safety: wIthdrawals due to acute local reaction.
Comparison 24 Hylan G‐F 20 versus triamcinolone hexacetonide, Outcome 1 WOMAC pain walking on a flat surface (Question 1: 0‐4 Likert).
Comparison 24 Hylan G‐F 20 versus triamcinolone hexacetonide, Outcome 2 WOMAC physical function subscale (0‐68 Likert).
Comparison 24 Hylan G‐F 20 versus triamcinolone hexacetonide, Outcome 3 WOMAC total score (0‐96 Likert).
Comparison 24 Hylan G‐F 20 versus triamcinolone hexacetonide, Outcome 4 Patient global overall assessment (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 24 Hylan G‐F 20 versus triamcinolone hexacetonide, Outcome 5 Number of responders (greater than or equal to one category on WOMAC pain Q1).
Comparison 24 Hylan G‐F 20 versus triamcinolone hexacetonide, Outcome 6 Analgesic usage.
Comparison 24 Hylan G‐F 20 versus triamcinolone hexacetonide, Outcome 7 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 24 Hylan G‐F 20 versus triamcinolone hexacetonide, Outcome 8 Safety: withdrawals due to adverse event.
Comparison 24 Hylan G‐F 20 versus triamcinolone hexacetonide, Outcome 9 Safety: withdrawals due to lack of efficacy.
Comparison 25 Hylan G‐F 20 versus physical therapy, Outcome 1 Spontaneous pain (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 25 Hylan G‐F 20 versus physical therapy, Outcome 2 WOMAC pain.
Comparison 25 Hylan G‐F 20 versus physical therapy, Outcome 3 WOMAC physical function.
Comparison 25 Hylan G‐F 20 versus physical therapy, Outcome 4 SF‐36 pain.
Comparison 25 Hylan G‐F 20 versus physical therapy, Outcome 5 SF‐36 physical functioning.
Comparison 26 (Hylan G‐F 20 + physiotherapy) versus physiotherapy, Outcome 1 Lequesne Index (0‐24).
Comparison 26 (Hylan G‐F 20 + physiotherapy) versus physiotherapy, Outcome 2 Safety: total withdrawls overall.
Comparison 26 (Hylan G‐F 20 + physiotherapy) versus physiotherapy, Outcome 3 Safety: number of patients with adverse events.
Comparison 27 Hylan G‐F 20 versus progressive knee exercises, Outcome 1 Pain during activity.
Comparison 27 Hylan G‐F 20 versus progressive knee exercises, Outcome 2 Pain at rest.
Comparison 27 Hylan G‐F 20 versus progressive knee exercises, Outcome 3 Pain during climbing stairs.
Comparison 27 Hylan G‐F 20 versus progressive knee exercises, Outcome 4 Pain during transfer activity.
Comparison 27 Hylan G‐F 20 versus progressive knee exercises, Outcome 5 Walking distance.
Comparison 27 Hylan G‐F 20 versus progressive knee exercises, Outcome 6 Range of motion (degrees).
Comparison 27 Hylan G‐F 20 versus progressive knee exercises, Outcome 7 Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score (100 points).
Comparison 27 Hylan G‐F 20 versus progressive knee exercises, Outcome 8 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 28 Hylan G‐F 20 versus appropriate care, Outcome 1 WOMAC pain (0‐20 Likert).
Comparison 28 Hylan G‐F 20 versus appropriate care, Outcome 2 WOMAC pain (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 28 Hylan G‐F 20 versus appropriate care, Outcome 3 Pain on walking (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 28 Hylan G‐F 20 versus appropriate care, Outcome 4 WOMAC function (0‐68 Likert).
Comparison 28 Hylan G‐F 20 versus appropriate care, Outcome 5 WOMAC function (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 28 Hylan G‐F 20 versus appropriate care, Outcome 6 Lequesne Index (0‐24).
Comparison 28 Hylan G‐F 20 versus appropriate care, Outcome 7 WOMAC total score (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 28 Hylan G‐F 20 versus appropriate care, Outcome 8 Patient global assessment (number of patients improved in study knee).
Comparison 28 Hylan G‐F 20 versus appropriate care, Outcome 9 Patient global evaluation of effectiveness (good or satisfactory).
Comparison 28 Hylan G‐F 20 versus appropriate care, Outcome 10 Number of responders (20% decrease in pain on walking).
Comparison 28 Hylan G‐F 20 versus appropriate care, Outcome 11 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 28 Hylan G‐F 20 versus appropriate care, Outcome 12 Safety: wIthdrawals due to lack of effectiveness.
Comparison 28 Hylan G‐F 20 versus appropriate care, Outcome 13 Safety: wIthdrawals due to adverse events.
Comparison 28 Hylan G‐F 20 versus appropriate care, Outcome 14 Safety: number of patients reporting mild, moderate or severe side effects at month 12.
Comparison 28 Hylan G‐F 20 versus appropriate care, Outcome 15 Safety: total number of patients reporting side effects from baseline.
Comparison 28 Hylan G‐F 20 versus appropriate care, Outcome 16 Safety: number of patients with gastrointestinal adverse events.
Comparison 29 Hylan G‐F 20 versus gaseous oxygen, Outcome 1 Pain under load (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 29 Hylan G‐F 20 versus gaseous oxygen, Outcome 2 Pain at rest (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 29 Hylan G‐F 20 versus gaseous oxygen, Outcome 3 WOMAC pain (0‐20 Likert).
Comparison 29 Hylan G‐F 20 versus gaseous oxygen, Outcome 4 WOMAC physical function (0‐68 Likert).
Comparison 29 Hylan G‐F 20 versus gaseous oxygen, Outcome 5 WOMAC stiffness (0‐8 Likert).
Comparison 29 Hylan G‐F 20 versus gaseous oxygen, Outcome 6 Safety: total number of withdrawals.
Comparison 29 Hylan G‐F 20 versus gaseous oxygen, Outcome 7 Safety: number of patients having total knee replacements.
Comparison 30 Hylan G‐F 20 versus hyaluronan (Also see Artzal, BioHy (Arthrease), Hyalgan and Orthovisc versus Hylan G‐F 20), Outcome 1 Pain on weight bearing (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 30 Hylan G‐F 20 versus hyaluronan (Also see Artzal, BioHy (Arthrease), Hyalgan and Orthovisc versus Hylan G‐F 20), Outcome 2 Pain at night (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 30 Hylan G‐F 20 versus hyaluronan (Also see Artzal, BioHy (Arthrease), Hyalgan and Orthovisc versus Hylan G‐F 20), Outcome 3 Function: improvement in knee movement (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 30 Hylan G‐F 20 versus hyaluronan (Also see Artzal, BioHy (Arthrease), Hyalgan and Orthovisc versus Hylan G‐F 20), Outcome 4 Patient global evaluation of treatment efficacy (improvement: 0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 30 Hylan G‐F 20 versus hyaluronan (Also see Artzal, BioHy (Arthrease), Hyalgan and Orthovisc versus Hylan G‐F 20), Outcome 5 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 30 Hylan G‐F 20 versus hyaluronan (Also see Artzal, BioHy (Arthrease), Hyalgan and Orthovisc versus Hylan G‐F 20), Outcome 6 Safety: number of patients with local reactions.
Comparison 31 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus placebo (saline plus oral placebo), Outcome 1 Pain (0‐100 mm VAS) change between baseline and 45 to 52 weeks post‐injection.
Comparison 31 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus placebo (saline plus oral placebo), Outcome 2 Lequesne Index (0‐100 modified scale) change between baseline and 45 to 52 weeks post‐injection.
Comparison 31 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus placebo (saline plus oral placebo), Outcome 3 Patient global assessment (0‐100 mm VAS) change between baseline and 45 to 52 weeks post‐injection.
Comparison 31 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus placebo (saline plus oral placebo), Outcome 4 Percentage of painful days (0‐100 mm VAS) change between baseline and 45 to 52 weeks post‐injection.
Comparison 31 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus placebo (saline plus oral placebo), Outcome 5 Patient assessment of treatment efficacy (no. of patients rating very good or good versus mod, bad or very bad.
Comparison 31 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus placebo (saline plus oral placebo), Outcome 6 Joint space width (percentage of progressors: joint space narrowing greater than 0.5 mm).
Comparison 31 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus placebo (saline plus oral placebo), Outcome 7 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 31 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus placebo (saline plus oral placebo), Outcome 8 Safety: withdrawals due to inefficacy.
Comparison 31 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus placebo (saline plus oral placebo), Outcome 9 Safety: number of withdrawals due to adverse events.
Comparison 31 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus placebo (saline plus oral placebo), Outcome 10 Safety: number of patients reporting knee pain during or after IA injection.
Comparison 31 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus placebo (saline plus oral placebo), Outcome 11 Safety: number of patients reporting diarrhoea.
Comparison 32 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus Diacerein, Outcome 1 Pain (0‐100 mm VAS) change between baseline and 45 to 52 weeks post‐injection.
Comparison 32 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus Diacerein, Outcome 2 Lequesne Index (0‐100 modified scale) change between baseline and 45 to 52 weeks post‐injection.
Comparison 32 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus Diacerein, Outcome 3 Patient global assessment (0‐100 mm VAS) change between baseline and 45 to 52 weeks post‐injection.
Comparison 32 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus Diacerein, Outcome 4 Percentage of painful days (0‐100 mm VAS) change between baseline and 45 to 52 weeks post‐injection.
Comparison 32 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus Diacerein, Outcome 5 Patient assessment of treatment efficacy (no. of patients rating very good or good versus mod, bad or very bad.
Comparison 32 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus Diacerein, Outcome 6 Joint space width (percentage progressors: joint space narrowing greater than 0.5 mm).
Comparison 32 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus Diacerein, Outcome 7 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 32 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus Diacerein, Outcome 8 Safety: withdrawals due to inefficacy.
Comparison 32 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus Diacerein, Outcome 9 Safety: number of withdrawlals due to adverse events.
Comparison 32 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus Diacerein, Outcome 10 Safety: number of patients reporting knee pain during or after IA injection.
Comparison 32 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus Diacerein, Outcome 11 Safety: number of patients reporting diarrhoea.
Comparison 33 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus Artz (end of treatment), Outcome 1 Spontaneous pain (number of patients improved).
Comparison 33 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus Artz (end of treatment), Outcome 2 Pain during the night (number of patients improved).
Comparison 33 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus Artz (end of treatment), Outcome 3 Pressure pain (number of patients improved).
Comparison 33 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus Artz (end of treatment), Outcome 4 Passive movement pain (number of patients improved).
Comparison 33 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus Artz (end of treatment), Outcome 5 Passive flexion (degrees).
Comparison 33 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus Artz (end of treatment), Outcome 6 Passive extension (degrees).
Comparison 33 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus Artz (end of treatment), Outcome 7 Patient global assessment.
Comparison 33 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus Artz (end of treatment), Outcome 8 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 33 NRD‐101 (Suvenyl) versus Artz (end of treatment), Outcome 9 Safety: number of adverse events.
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 1 WOMAC pain (5 to 25 Likert).
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 2 WOMAC pain (number of patients who improved).
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 3 WOMAC pain (number of patients who achieved greater than 5 unit improvement (relative to baseline score)).
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 4 Number of patients with a 20% improvement from baseline in WOMAC pain score.
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 5 Number of patients with a 40% improvement from baseline in WOMAC pain score.
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 6 Number of patients with a 50% improvement from baseline in WOMAC pain score.
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 7 WOMAC pain on standing (0 to 100 mm VAS; change from baseline).
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 8 WOMAC physical function (17 to 85 Likert).
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 9 Range of motion: flexion (degrees).
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 10 25 metre walking time (sec).
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 11 Knee circumference (mm).
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 12 WOMAC stiffness (2 to 10 Likert).
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 13 WOMAC total score (0 to 100 mm VAS; change from baseline).
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 14 Patient global assessment (0 to 100 mm VAS; where 100 is worst severity).
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 15 Patient global assessment (0 to 100 mm VAS; change from baseline).
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 16 Patient global assessment (number patients rating treatment as effective or very effective).
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 17 Physician global assessment (0 to 100 mm VAS; where 100 is worst severity).
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 18 Physician global assessment (0 to 100 VAS; change from baseline).
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 19 Synovial fluid effusion volume (ml).
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 20 Interleukin 6 level in the synovial fluid (pg/ml).
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 21 Interleukin 8 level in the synovial fluid (pg/ml).
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 22 Tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in synovial fluid.
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 23 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 24 Safety: withdrawals due to lack of efficacy.
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 25 Safety: number of patients with treatment related adverse events.
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 26 Safety: number of patients withdrawn due to noncompliance.
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 27 Safety: number of patients with reported musculoskeletal adverse events.
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 28 Safety: number of patients with general body adverse events.
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 29 Safety: number of patients with local skin rash.
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 30 Safety: number patients with gastrointestinal complaints.
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 31 Safety: number of patients with reported respiratory adverse events.
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 32 Safety: number of patients with nervous system adverse events.
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 33 Safety: number of patients with urinary adverse events.
Comparison 34 Orthovisc versus placebo, Outcome 34 Safety: number of patients withdrawn due to local adverse events.
Comparison 35 Orthovisc versus betamethasone, Outcome 1 WOMAC function (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 35 Orthovisc versus betamethasone, Outcome 2 Flexion (degrees).
Comparison 35 Orthovisc versus betamethasone, Outcome 3 Patient global assessment (number of patients good or very good).
Comparison 35 Orthovisc versus betamethasone, Outcome 4 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 35 Orthovisc versus betamethasone, Outcome 5 Safety: number of patients withdrawn due to adverse events.
Comparison 35 Orthovisc versus betamethasone, Outcome 6 Safety: number of patients with local adverse events.
Comparison 35 Orthovisc versus betamethasone, Outcome 7 Safety: number of patients with systemic adverse events.
Comparison 36 Orthovisc versus 6‐methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 1 Pain on weight bearing (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 36 Orthovisc versus 6‐methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 2 Pain at rest (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 36 Orthovisc versus 6‐methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 3 Pain on walking (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 36 Orthovisc versus 6‐methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 4 Lequesne Index (0‐24).
Comparison 36 Orthovisc versus 6‐methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 5 Flexion (active range in degrees).
Comparison 36 Orthovisc versus 6‐methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 6 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 36 Orthovisc versus 6‐methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 7 Safety: number of patients withdrawn due to increased pain.
Comparison 36 Orthovisc versus 6‐methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 8 Safety: number of patients reporting musculoskeletal adverse events.
Comparison 36 Orthovisc versus 6‐methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 9 Safety: number of patients reporting skin adverse events.
Comparison 36 Orthovisc versus 6‐methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 10 Safety: number of patients reporting gastrointestinal adverse events.
Comparison 36 Orthovisc versus 6‐methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 11 Safety: number of patients reporting general adverse events.
Comparison 36 Orthovisc versus 6‐methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 12 Safety: number of patients reporting knee pain after injection.
Comparison 37 Orthovisc versus (Orthovisc plus triamcinolone acetonide), Outcome 1 Pain (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 37 Orthovisc versus (Orthovisc plus triamcinolone acetonide), Outcome 2 WOMAC pain (0‐20 Likert).
Comparison 37 Orthovisc versus (Orthovisc plus triamcinolone acetonide), Outcome 3 WOMAC physical function (0‐68 Likert).
Comparison 37 Orthovisc versus (Orthovisc plus triamcinolone acetonide), Outcome 4 50 foot walking time (seconds).
Comparison 37 Orthovisc versus (Orthovisc plus triamcinolone acetonide), Outcome 5 Range of motion (degrees).
Comparison 37 Orthovisc versus (Orthovisc plus triamcinolone acetonide), Outcome 6 WOMAC stiffness (0‐8 Likert).
Comparison 37 Orthovisc versus (Orthovisc plus triamcinolone acetonide), Outcome 7 WOMAC total score (0‐96 Likert).
Comparison 37 Orthovisc versus (Orthovisc plus triamcinolone acetonide), Outcome 8 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 37 Orthovisc versus (Orthovisc plus triamcinolone acetonide), Outcome 9 Safety: withdrawals due to lack of efficacy.
Comparison 37 Orthovisc versus (Orthovisc plus triamcinolone acetonide), Outcome 10 Safety: number of patients reporting adverse events (local reactions).
Comparison 38 Orthovisc versus (Orthovisc plus lidocaine trigger point injection)(1 week post‐injection), Outcome 1 Pain at rest (0 to 4 point scale).
Comparison 38 Orthovisc versus (Orthovisc plus lidocaine trigger point injection)(1 week post‐injection), Outcome 2 Pain/restrictions walking (0 to 4 point scale).
Comparison 38 Orthovisc versus (Orthovisc plus lidocaine trigger point injection)(1 week post‐injection), Outcome 3 Pain/restrictions going up or down stairs (0 to 4 point scale).
Comparison 38 Orthovisc versus (Orthovisc plus lidocaine trigger point injection)(1 week post‐injection), Outcome 4 Range of motion (degrees).
Comparison 38 Orthovisc versus (Orthovisc plus lidocaine trigger point injection)(1 week post‐injection), Outcome 5 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 39 Orthovisc versus physical therapy, Outcome 1 Spontaneous pain (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 39 Orthovisc versus physical therapy, Outcome 2 WOMAC pain.
Comparison 39 Orthovisc versus physical therapy, Outcome 3 WOMAC physical function.
Comparison 39 Orthovisc versus physical therapy, Outcome 4 SF‐36 pain.
Comparison 39 Orthovisc versus physical therapy, Outcome 5 SF‐36 physical functioning.
Comparison 40 (Orthovisc + physiotherapy) versus physiotherapy, Outcome 1 Activity pain (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 40 (Orthovisc + physiotherapy) versus physiotherapy, Outcome 2 Spontaneous pain (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 40 (Orthovisc + physiotherapy) versus physiotherapy, Outcome 3 Night pain (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 40 (Orthovisc + physiotherapy) versus physiotherapy, Outcome 4 Lequesne (0‐24).
Comparison 40 (Orthovisc + physiotherapy) versus physiotherapy, Outcome 5 25 m walk time (sec).
Comparison 40 (Orthovisc + physiotherapy) versus physiotherapy, Outcome 6 Flexion (degrees).
Comparison 40 (Orthovisc + physiotherapy) versus physiotherapy, Outcome 7 Patient global assessment (number of patients evaluating treatment as effective or very effective).
Comparison 40 (Orthovisc + physiotherapy) versus physiotherapy, Outcome 8 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 40 (Orthovisc + physiotherapy) versus physiotherapy, Outcome 9 Safety: number of patients with local reactions.
Comparison 40 (Orthovisc + physiotherapy) versus physiotherapy, Outcome 10 Safety: number of patients withdrawn due to adverse events.
Comparison 40 (Orthovisc + physiotherapy) versus physiotherapy, Outcome 11 Safety: number of patients with systemic adverse events.
Comparison 41 (Orthovisc + physiotherapy) versus (Hylan G‐F 20 + physiotherapy), Outcome 1 Lequesne Index (0‐24).
Comparison 42 Orthovisc versus hylan G‐F 20, Outcome 1 WOMAC pain (0‐20 or 5‐25 Likert).
Comparison 42 Orthovisc versus hylan G‐F 20, Outcome 2 Spontaneous pain (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 42 Orthovisc versus hylan G‐F 20, Outcome 3 SF‐36 pain.
Comparison 42 Orthovisc versus hylan G‐F 20, Outcome 4 Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score.
Comparison 42 Orthovisc versus hylan G‐F 20, Outcome 5 Pain during activity (Hospital for Special Surgery).
Comparison 42 Orthovisc versus hylan G‐F 20, Outcome 6 Pain at rest (Hospital for Special Surgery).
Comparison 42 Orthovisc versus hylan G‐F 20, Outcome 7 Pain during climbing stairs (Hospital for Special Surgery).
Comparison 42 Orthovisc versus hylan G‐F 20, Outcome 8 Pain during transfer activity (Hospital for Special Surgery).
Comparison 42 Orthovisc versus hylan G‐F 20, Outcome 9 WOMAC physical function (0‐68 or 17‐85 Likert).
Comparison 42 Orthovisc versus hylan G‐F 20, Outcome 10 SF‐36 physical functioning.
Comparison 42 Orthovisc versus hylan G‐F 20, Outcome 11 Range of motion (degrees).
Comparison 42 Orthovisc versus hylan G‐F 20, Outcome 12 Walking distance.
Comparison 42 Orthovisc versus hylan G‐F 20, Outcome 13 Patient global assessment (0‐100 mm VAS where 100 is worst severity).
Comparison 42 Orthovisc versus hylan G‐F 20, Outcome 14 Physician global assessment (0‐100 mm VAS where 100 is worst severity).
Comparison 42 Orthovisc versus hylan G‐F 20, Outcome 15 WOMAC stiffness (0‐8 or 2‐10 Likert).
Comparison 42 Orthovisc versus hylan G‐F 20, Outcome 16 Synovial fluid intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1).
Comparison 42 Orthovisc versus hylan G‐F 20, Outcome 17 Synovial fluid vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1).
Comparison 42 Orthovisc versus hylan G‐F 20, Outcome 18 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 42 Orthovisc versus hylan G‐F 20, Outcome 19 Safety: withdrawals due to lack of efficacy.
Comparison 42 Orthovisc versus hylan G‐F 20, Outcome 20 Safety: number of patients with local adverse event.
Comparison 42 Orthovisc versus hylan G‐F 20, Outcome 21 Safety: withdrawals due to noncompliance.
Comparison 43 Orthovisc versus Orthovisc, Outcome 1 WOMAC total score (0 to 100 mm VAS; change from baseline).
Comparison 43 Orthovisc versus Orthovisc, Outcome 2 Patient global assessment (0 to 100 mm VAS; change from baseline).
Comparison 43 Orthovisc versus Orthovisc, Outcome 3 Physician global assessment (0 to 100 mm VAS; change from baseline).
Comparison 43 Orthovisc versus Orthovisc, Outcome 4 WOMAC pain on standing (0 to 100 mm VAS; change from baseline).
Comparison 43 Orthovisc versus Orthovisc, Outcome 5 Number of patients with a 20% improvement from baseline in WOMAC pain score.
Comparison 43 Orthovisc versus Orthovisc, Outcome 6 Number of patients with a 40% improvement from baseline in WOMAC pain score.
Comparison 43 Orthovisc versus Orthovisc, Outcome 7 Number of patients with a 50% improvement from baseline in WOMAC pain score.
Comparison 43 Orthovisc versus Orthovisc, Outcome 8 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 43 Orthovisc versus Orthovisc, Outcome 9 Safety: total withdrawals due to lack of efficacy.
Comparison 43 Orthovisc versus Orthovisc, Outcome 10 Safety: number of patients reporting adverse events.
Comparison 43 Orthovisc versus Orthovisc, Outcome 11 Safety: number of patients with gastrointestinal adverse events.
Comparison 43 Orthovisc versus Orthovisc, Outcome 12 Safety: number of patients with general body adverse events.
Comparison 43 Orthovisc versus Orthovisc, Outcome 13 Safety: number of patients with infections.
Comparison 43 Orthovisc versus Orthovisc, Outcome 14 Safety: number of patients with musculoskeletal adverse events.
Comparison 43 Orthovisc versus Orthovisc, Outcome 15 Safety: number of patients with nervous system adverse events.
Comparison 43 Orthovisc versus Orthovisc, Outcome 16 Safety: number of patients with respiratory adverse events.
Comparison 43 Orthovisc versus Orthovisc, Outcome 17 Safety: number of patients with skin adverse events.
Comparison 44 Replasyn versus placebo, Outcome 1 Safety: Number of patients with local adverse reaction but study drug continued.
Comparison 45 SLM‐10 versus Artz (end of treatment), Outcome 1 Pain in movement (number of patients improved).
Comparison 45 SLM‐10 versus Artz (end of treatment), Outcome 2 Pain when resting (number of patients improved).
Comparison 45 SLM‐10 versus Artz (end of treatment), Outcome 3 Pressure pain (number of patients improved).
Comparison 45 SLM‐10 versus Artz (end of treatment), Outcome 4 Patient global assessment (number of patients better or much better).
Comparison 45 SLM‐10 versus Artz (end of treatment), Outcome 5 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 45 SLM‐10 versus Artz (end of treatment), Outcome 6 Safety: local adverse events related to study drug resulting in withdrawals.
Comparison 45 SLM‐10 versus Artz (end of treatment), Outcome 7 Safety: local adverse events no specific causal relationship to study drug and continuation in trial.
Comparison 46 Suplasyn versus placebo: 1 week post‐injection, Outcome 1 Pain after walking (0‐10 cm VAS).
Comparison 46 Suplasyn versus placebo: 1 week post‐injection, Outcome 2 WOMAC pain (0‐10 cm VAS).
Comparison 46 Suplasyn versus placebo: 1 week post‐injection, Outcome 3 Pain at rest (0‐10 cm VAS).
Comparison 46 Suplasyn versus placebo: 1 week post‐injection, Outcome 4 WOMAC function (0‐10 cm VAS).
Comparison 46 Suplasyn versus placebo: 1 week post‐injection, Outcome 5 Walk time (sec).
Comparison 46 Suplasyn versus placebo: 1 week post‐injection, Outcome 6 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 47 Suplasyn versus NSAID: 1 week post‐injection, Outcome 1 Pain after walking (0‐10 cm VAS).
Comparison 47 Suplasyn versus NSAID: 1 week post‐injection, Outcome 2 WOMAC pain (0‐10 cm VAS).
Comparison 47 Suplasyn versus NSAID: 1 week post‐injection, Outcome 3 Pain at rest (0‐10 cm VAS).
Comparison 47 Suplasyn versus NSAID: 1 week post‐injection, Outcome 4 WOMAC function (0‐10 cm VAS).
Comparison 47 Suplasyn versus NSAID: 1 week post‐injection, Outcome 5 Walk time (sec).
Comparison 47 Suplasyn versus NSAID: 1 week post‐injection, Outcome 6 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 48 (Suplasyn + NSAID) versus NSAID: 1 week post‐injection, Outcome 1 Pain after walking (0‐10 cm VAS).
Comparison 48 (Suplasyn + NSAID) versus NSAID: 1 week post‐injection, Outcome 2 WOMAC pain (0‐10 cm VAS).
Comparison 48 (Suplasyn + NSAID) versus NSAID: 1 week post‐injection, Outcome 3 Pain at rest (0‐10 cm VAS).
Comparison 48 (Suplasyn + NSAID) versus NSAID: 1 week post‐injection, Outcome 4 WOMAC function (0‐10 cm VAS).
Comparison 48 (Suplasyn + NSAID) versus NSAID: 1 week post‐injection, Outcome 5 Walk time (sec).
Comparison 48 (Suplasyn + NSAID) versus NSAID: 1 week post‐injection, Outcome 6 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 49 Zeel compositum versus Hyalart (end of treatment (5 weeks)), Outcome 1 Pain during movement (0‐100 mm VAS ).
Comparison 49 Zeel compositum versus Hyalart (end of treatment (5 weeks)), Outcome 2 Pain during the night (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 49 Zeel compositum versus Hyalart (end of treatment (5 weeks)), Outcome 3 Patient global: number of patients with noticeable improvements in symptoms.
Comparison 49 Zeel compositum versus Hyalart (end of treatment (5 weeks)), Outcome 4 Patient assessment of improvement (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 49 Zeel compositum versus Hyalart (end of treatment (5 weeks)), Outcome 5 Patient assessment of tolerance (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 49 Zeel compositum versus Hyalart (end of treatment (5 weeks)), Outcome 6 Safety: number of patients with side effects.
Comparison 49 Zeel compositum versus Hyalart (end of treatment (5 weeks)), Outcome 7 Safety: number of patients withdrawn due to lack of efficacy.
Comparison 50 HA/hylan versus placebo, Outcome 1 Pain on weight bearing (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 50 HA/hylan versus placebo, Outcome 2 Pain at rest (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 50 HA/hylan versus placebo, Outcome 3 WOMAC pain.
Comparison 50 HA/hylan versus placebo, Outcome 4 WOMAC physical function.
Comparison 50 HA/hylan versus placebo, Outcome 5 Lequesne Index (0‐24).
Comparison 50 HA/hylan versus placebo, Outcome 6 Patient global assessment (number of patients improved).
Comparison 50 HA/hylan versus placebo, Outcome 7 Flexion (degrees).
Comparison 50 HA/hylan versus placebo, Outcome 8 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 50 HA/hylan versus placebo, Outcome 9 Safety: number of patients with local adverse reaction and study drug discontinued.
Comparison 50 HA/hylan versus placebo, Outcome 10 Safety: number of patients with local adverse reaction but study drug continued.
Comparison 50 HA/hylan versus placebo, Outcome 11 Safety: number of patients discontinued due to adverse events.
Comparison 50 HA/hylan versus placebo, Outcome 12 Safety: withdrawals due to lack of efficacy.
Comparison 50 HA/hylan versus placebo, Outcome 13 Safety: number of adverse events for injection site pain.
Comparison 50 HA/hylan versus placebo, Outcome 14 Safety: number of adverse events local skin rash.
Comparison 50 HA/hylan versus placebo, Outcome 15 Safety: number of patients with gastrointestinal complaints.
Comparison 50 HA/hylan versus placebo, Outcome 16 Safety: number of patients with treatment related adverse events.
Comparison 50 HA/hylan versus placebo, Outcome 17 Safety: number of patients with possible study medication related events.
Comparison 50 HA/hylan versus placebo, Outcome 18 Safety: number of serious adverse events.
Comparison 50 HA/hylan versus placebo, Outcome 19 Safety: number of adverse events probably or possibly related to treatment.
Comparison 50 HA/hylan versus placebo, Outcome 20 Safety: number of patients reporting adverse events.
Comparison 51 HA/hylan versus NSAID, Outcome 1 Pain after walking (0‐100 mm VAS).
Comparison 51 HA/hylan versus NSAID, Outcome 2 Patient general satisfaction wtih treatment (excellent or good vs satisfactory or bad).
Comparison 51 HA/hylan versus NSAID, Outcome 3 Safety: total withdrawals overall.
Comparison 51 HA/hylan versus NSAID, Outcome 4 Safety: number of withdrawals due to inefficacy.
Comparison 52 HA/hylan versus Methylprednisolone acetate, Outcome 1 Function: range of motion (active flexion in degrees).
Comparison 53 HA versus HA, Outcome 1 Pain in movement (number of patients improved).
Comparison 53 HA versus HA, Outcome 2 Pressure pain (number of patients improved).
Comparison 53 HA versus HA, Outcome 3 Lequesne Index (0‐24).
Comparison 53 HA versus HA, Outcome 4 Patient global assessment.
Update of
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Viscosupplementation for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Apr 18;(2):CD005321. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005321. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Apr 19;(2):CD005321. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005321.pub2. PMID: 15846754 Updated.
Comment in
-
Review: Viscosupplementation for knee osteoarthritis reduces pain and improves function.Evid Based Med. 2006 Feb;11(1):12. doi: 10.1136/ebm.11.1.12. Evid Based Med. 2006. PMID: 17213054 No abstract available.
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Cochrane in CORR®: Viscosupplementation for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee.Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014 Jul;472(7):2028-34. doi: 10.1007/s11999-013-3378-8. Epub 2013 Nov 12. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014. PMID: 24218162 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
References
References to studies included in this review
Adams 1995 {published data only}
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- Adams ME, Atkinson MH, Lussier AJ, Schulz JI, Siminovitch KA, Wade JP, Zummer M. The role of viscosupplementation with hylan G‐F 20 (Synvisc) in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a Canadian multicenter trial comparing hylan G‐F 20 alone, hylan G‐F 20 with non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and NSAIDs alone. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 1995;3:213‐6. - PubMed
Altman 1998 {published data only}
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- Altman RD, Moskowitz R, the Hyalgan Study Group. Intraarticular sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan) in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized clinical trial [published erratum appears in J Rheumatol 1999;26:1216]. The Journal of Rheumatology 1998;25(11):2203‐12. - PubMed
Altman 2004 {unpublished data only}
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- Altman RD, Akermark C, Beaulieu AD, Schnitzer T for the Durolane International Study Group. Efficacy and safety of a single intra‐articular injection of non‐animal stabilized hyaluronic acid (NASHA) in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2004;12(8):642‐9. - PubMed
Ardic 2001 {published data only}
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- Ardic F, Bolulu D, Topuz O, Cubukcu S. Efficacy of intra‐articular hyaluronic acid injections in knee osteoarthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2001;60 Suppl (1):232.
Atamaz 2004 {published data only}
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- Atamaz F, Kirazli Y, Akkoc Y. A comparative study between intra‐articular hylan G‐F 20 and Na‐hyaluronate and physical therapy in the management of knee osteoarthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2004;EULAR, Berlin, June 9‐12.
Atamaz 2005 {unpublished data only}
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- Atamaz F, Kirazli Y, Akkoca Y. A comparison of two different intra‐articular hyaluronan drugs and physical therapy in the management of knee osteoarthritis. Rheumatology International 2006;26(10):873‐8. - PubMed
Auerbach 2002 {published data only}
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- Auerbach B, Melzer C. Cross‐linked hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis of th eknee ‐ results of a prospective randomized trial [Die Behandlung der Gonarthrose mit hochvernetzter Hyaluronsaure ‐ Ergebnisse einer prospektiven randomisierten Studie]. Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie 2002;127(10):895‐9. - PubMed
Auerbach 2002a {published data only}
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- Auerbach B. [Ergebnisse einer prospektiven randomisierten Studie zur Wirksamkei hochvernetzter Hyaluronsaure bei der Behandlung der Gonarthrose]. Inaugural‐Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Medizin des Fachbereichs Humanmedizin der Justus‐Liebig‐Universitat Giessen 2002.
Bayramoglu 2003 {published data only}
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- Bayramoglu M, Karatas M, Cetin N, Akman N. Comparison of two different viscosupplements in knee osteoarthritis ‐ a pilot study. Clinical Rheumatology 2003;22:118‐2. - PubMed
Bragantini 1987 {published data only}
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- Bragantini A, Cassini M, Bastiani G. Controlled single‐blind trial of intra‐articularly injected hyaluronic acid (Hyalgan) in osteo‐arthritis of the knee. Clinical Trials Journal 1987;24(4):333‐40.
Brandt 2001 {published data only}
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- Brandt KD, Block JA, Michalski JP, Moreland LW, Caldwell JR, Lavin PT, the ORTHOVISC Study Group. Efficacy and safety of intraarticular sodium hyaluronate in knee osteoarthritis. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 2001;385:130‐43. - PubMed
Brown 2003 {published data only}
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- Brown DJ, Beinat L. Safety and efficacy of an hyaluronan of 500‐730 KDa and Hylan G‐F 20 in clinical practice. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2003;11 Suppl (A):118. [OARSI October 2003 Berlin]
Bunyaratavej 2001 {published data only}
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- Bunyaratavej N, Chang KM, Subramanian N. Treatment of painful osteoarthritis of the knee with hyaluronic acid results of a multicenter Asian study. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand 2001;84 Suppl (2):576‐81. - PubMed
Caborn 2003 {published data only}
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- Caborn DN. Efficacy and tolerability of hylan G‐F 20 compared to intra‐articular triamcinolone hexacetonide in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee in a randomized, evaluator‐blinded study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2003;EULAR, Lisbon, Portugal,June 18‐21.
Caborn 2004 {published data only}
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- Caborn D, Rush J, Lanzer W, Parenti D, Murray C on Behalf of the Synvisc 901 Study Group. A randomized, single‐blind comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of hylan G‐F 20 and triamcinolone hexacetonide in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. The Journal of Rheumatology 2004;31(2):333‐43. - PubMed
Carrabba 1995 {published data only}
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- Carrabba M, Paresce E, Angelini M, Re KA, Torchiana EEM, Perbellini A. The safety and efficacy of different dose schedules of hyaluronic acid in the treatment of painful osteoarthritis of the knee with joint effusion. European Journal of Rheumatology and Inflammation 1995;15(1):25‐31.
Carrabba 1995a {published data only}
-
- Reference same as Carrabba 1995, multiple arm trial.
Carrabba 1995b {published data only}
-
- Reference same as Carrabba 1995, multiple arm trial.
Carrabba 1995c {published data only}
-
- Reference same as Carrabba 1995, multiple arm trial.
Cohen 1994 {published data only}
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- Cohen MA, Shiroky JB, Ballachey ML, Neville C, Esdaile JM. Double‐blind randomized trial of intra‐articular (I/A) hyaluronate in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis & Rheumatism 1994;37 Suppl 6:R31.
Corrado 1995 {published data only}
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- Corrado EM, Peluso GF, Gigliotti S, Durante C, Palmieri D, Savoia M, Oriani GO, Tajana GF. The effects of intra‐articular administration of hyaluronic acid on osteoarthritis of the knee: a clinical study with immunological and biochemical evaluations. European Journal of Rheumatology and Inflammation 1995;15(1):47‐56.
Creamer 1994 {published data only}
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- Creamer P, Sharif M, George E, Meadows K, Cushnaghan J, Shinmei M, Dieppe P. Intra‐articular hyaluronic acid in osteoarthritis of the knee: an investigation into mechanisms of action. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 1994;2:133‐40. - PubMed
Cubukcu 2004 {published data only}
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- Cubukcu D, Ardic F, Karabulut N, Topuz O. Hylan G‐F 20 efficacy on articular cartilage quality in patients with knee osteoarthritis: clinical and MRI assessment. Clinical Rheumatology 2005;24(4):336‐41. - PubMed
Day 2001 {unpublished data only}
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- Day R, Brooks P, Petersen M, The Australian Multicentre Trial Group. A randomised multicentre parallel group study of the effectiveness and tolerance of intra‐articular injections of sodium hyaluronate in osteoarthritis of the knee.
Day 2004 {published data only}
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- Day R, Brooks P, Conaghan PG, Petersen M for the Multicenter Trial Group. A double blind, randomized, multicenter, parallel group study of the effectiveness and tolerance of intraarticular hyaluronan in osteoarthritis of the knee. The Journal of Rheumatology 2004;31(4):775‐82. - PubMed
Dickson 2001 {published and unpublished data}
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- Dickson DJ, Hosie G, English JR, and the Primary Care Rheumatology Society. A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled comparison of hylan G‐F 20 against diclofenac in knee osteoarthritis. Journal of Clinical Research 2001;4:41‐52.
Dougados 1993 {published and unpublished data}
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- Dougados M, Nguyen M, Listrat V, Amor B. High molecular weight sodium hyaluronate (hyalectin) in osteoarthritis of the knee: a 1 year placebo‐controlled trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 1993;1:97‐103. - PubMed
Formiguera Sala 1995 {published data only}
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- Sala S, Miguel RE. Intra‐articular hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a short term study. European Journal of Rheumatology and Inflammation 1995;15(1):33‐8.
Forster 2003 {published and unpublished data}
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- Forster MC, Straw R. A prospective randomised trial comparing intra‐articular Hyalgan injection and arthroscopic washout for knee osteoarthritis. The Knee 2003;10:291‐3. - PubMed
Forster 2003a {published and unpublished data}
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- Forster MC, Straw R, Rowles JM. A prospective randomised trial comparing intra‐articular sodium hyaluronate injection and arthro‐scopic washout for knee osteoarthritis. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2003;85‐B Suppl (II):103.
Frizziero 2002 {published data only}
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- Frizziero L, Pasquali Rochetti I. Intra‐articular treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: an arthroscopic and clinical comparison between sodium hyaluronate (500‐730 kDa) and methylprednisolone acetate. Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology 2002;3:89‐96.
Graf 1993 {published data only}
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- Graf J, Neusel E, Schneider E, Niethard FU. Intra‐articular treatment with hyaluronic acid in osteoarthritis of the knee joint: a controlled clinical trial versus mucopolysaccharide polysulfuric acid ester. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 1993;11:367‐72. - PubMed
Grecomoro 1987 {published data only}
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- Grecomoro G, Martorana U, Marco C. Intra‐articular treatment with sodium hyaluronate in gonarthrosis: a controlled clinical trial versus placebo. Pharmatherapeutica 1987;5(2):137‐41. - PubMed
Groppa 2001 {published data only}
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- Groppa LG, Moshneaga M. Studying of the efficiency of the Synvisc in osteoarthrosis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2001;60 Suppl (1):230.
Guler 1996 {published data only}
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- Guler M, Kuran B, Parlar D, Guler M, Saglam H, Yapici S, Guzeloglu S, Ozgul Mese F, Bonveval F. Clinical trial of intra‐articular injection of hyaluronic acid in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. X National Rheumatology Congress, Turkey. October 29‐November 3, 1996.
Henderson 1994 {published data only}
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- Henderson EB, Smith EC, Pegley F, Blake DR. Intra‐articular injections of 750 kD hyaluronan in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a randomised single centre double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial of 91 patients demonstrating lack of efficacy. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1994;53:529‐34. - PMC - PubMed
Henderson 1994a {published data only}
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- See Henderson 1994.
Hizmetli 1999 {unpublished data only}
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- Hizmetli S, Kocagil S, Kaptanoglu E, Elden H, Nacitarhan V. The efficacy and safety of intra‐articular hyaluronic acid in osteoarthritis of the knee: a prospective, double‐blind trial.
Huang 2005 {published and unpublished data}
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- Huang M‐H, Yang R‐C, Lee C‐L, Chen T‐W, Wang M‐C. Preliminary results of integrated therapy for patients with knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care & Research 2005;53(6):812‐20. - PubMed
Huskisson 1999 {published and unpublished data}
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- Huskisson EC, Donnelly S. Hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Rheumatology 1999;38:602‐7. - PubMed
Jones 1995 {published data only}
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- Jones AC, Pattrick M, Doherty S, Doherty M. Intra‐articular hyaluronic acid compared to intra‐articular triamcinolone hexacetonide in inflammatory knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 1995;3:269‐73. - PubMed
Jubb 2001a {published data only}
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- Jubb RW, Piva S, Beinat L, Dacre J, Gishen P on behalf of the UK Hyalgan Study Group. Effect of sodium hyaluronate (500‐730 KDa, HyalganR) on joint space width in osteoarthritis of the knee. The Journal of Rheumatology 2001;28 Suppl (63):8.
Jubb 2001b {published data only}
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- Jubb RW, Piva S, Beinat L, Dacre J, Gishen P for the UK Hyalgan Study Group. Structure modifying study of hyaluronan (500‐730 KDa, HyalganR) on osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2001;9 Suppl (B):16.
Jubb 2001c {published data only}
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- Jubb RW, Piva S, Beinat L, Dacre J, Gishen P. Structure modifying study of hyaluronan (500‐730 KDa, HyalganR) on osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2001;44 Suppl (9):155.
Jubb 2001d {published data only}
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- Jubb RW, Piva S, Beinat L, Dacre J, Gishen P, on behalf of the UK Hyalgan Study Group. Structure modification in osteoarthritis with intra‐articular sodium hyaluronate of mol. 500‐730 KDA. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2001;60 Suppl (I):46.
Jubb 2003 {published and unpublished data}
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- Jubb RW, Piva S, Beinat L, Dacre J, Gishen P. A one‐year, randomised, placebo (saline) controlled clinical trial of 500‐730 kDa sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan) on the radiological change in osteoarthritis of the knee. International Journal of Clinical Practice 2003;57(6):467‐74. - PubMed
Kahan 2001 {published data only}
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- Kahan A, Guemas E, Lieu PL. Patients with knee osteoarthritis treated by hylan G‐F 20 versus usual treatments: a medico‐economic, prospective, randomised large scale trial in France, efficacy and safety outcomes. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2001;60 Suppl (1):232.
Kahan 2003 {published data only}
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- Kahan A, Lleu P‐L, Salin L. Prospective randomised study comparing the medico‐economic benefits of hylan GF‐20 versus conventional treatment in knee osteoarthritis [Etude prospective randomisee comparant le benefice medico‐economique de Synvisc a celui des traitements usuels chez des patients souffrant de gonarthrose]. Revue du rhumatisme 2003;70:588‐94.
Kahan 2003a {published data only}
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- Kahan A, Lleu P‐L, Salin L. Prospective randomized study comparing the medicoeconomic benefits of Hylan G‐F 20 vs. conventional treatment in knee osteoarthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2003;70:276‐81. - PubMed
Kalay 1997 {published data only}
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- Kalay S. The effectiveness of intraarticular hyaluronic acid treatment in primary gonarthrosis [specialization thesis]. Ankara, Turkey: Ministry of Health, Republic of Turkey, 1997.
Karatay 2004 {published data only}
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- Karatay S, Kiziltunc A, Yildirim K, Karanfil RC, Senel K. Effects of different hyaluronic acid products on synovial fluid levels of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 in knee osteoarthritis. Annals of Clinical & Laboratory Science 2004;34(3):330‐5. - PubMed
Karatay 2005 {published data only}
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- Karatay S, Kiziltunc A, Yildirim K, Karanfil RC, Senel K. Effects of different hyaluronic acid products on synovial fluid NO levels in knee osteoarthritis. Osteoporosis International 2005;16(3):S71. - PubMed
Karatay 2005a {published data only}
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- Karatay S, Yildirim K, Yildiz L, Karanfil RC, Senel K. The effect of hyaluronic acid on levels of IFG‐1 and IGFBP‐3 in synovial fluids of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoporosis International 2005;16(3):S72.
Karatosun 2005 {published and unpublished data}
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- Karatosun V, Unver B, Gocen Z, Sen A, Gunal I. Intra‐articular hyaluronic acid compared with progressive knee exercises in osteoarthritis of the knee: a prospective randomized trial with long‐term follow‐up. Clinical & Experimental Rheumatology 2005. - PubMed
Karatosun 2005a {published data only}
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- Karatosun V, Unver B, Gocen Z, Sen A. Comparison of two hyaluronan drugs in patients with advanced osteoarthritis of the knee. A prospective, randomized, double‐blind study with long term follow‐up. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2005;23(2):213‐8. - PubMed
Karlsson 1999 {published data only}
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- Karlsson J, Selin‐Sjogren L. A comparison of two hyaluronan drugs and placebo in patients with mild to moderate osteoarthritis of the knee ‐ a controlled, randomised, parallel‐design multicenter study. Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica 1999;70 Suppl (287):62.
Karlsson 2002 {published data only}
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- Karlsson J, Sjogren LS, Lohmander LS. Comparison of two hyaluronan drugs and placebo in patients with knee osteoarthritis. A controlled, randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐design multicentre study. Rheumatology 2002;41(11):1240‐8. - PubMed
Karlsson 2002a (AvP) {published data only}
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- See Karlsson 2002.
Karlsson 2002b (SvP) {published data only}
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- See Karlsson 2002.
Karlsson 2002c (AvS) {published data only}
-
- See Karlsson 2002.
Karlsson 2003d {published data only}
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- Karlsson J, Sjogren LS, Lohmander S. Comparison of two hyaluronan drugs and placebo in patients with knee osteoarthritis. A controlled, randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐design multicentre study. Rheumatology 2003;42(10):1262‐3. - PubMed
Karras 2001 {published data only}
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- Karras D, Basilakos J, Diaourta V, Kedikoglou S, Iliopoulos A. Comparative study of 2 regimens of intraarticular infusion of hyaluronan (Hyalart, Fidia, SPA) in knee osteoarthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology 2001;28 Suppl (63):6.
Kawabata 1993 {published data only}
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- Kawabata M, Igarashi M, Mikami R, Ninomiya S, Oda H, Hoshino Y, Yamamoto S, Kurokawa T, Ogawa N. Clinical evaluation of SLM‐10 (sodium hyaluronate injection) in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee ‐ a mutli‐center comparative trial with Artz as control drug. Japanese Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1993;21(1):257‐83.
Kirchner 2005 {published data only}
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- Kirchner M, Marshall D. A double‐blind randomized controlled trial comparing alternate forms of high molecular weight hyaluronan for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2006;14(2):154‐62. - PubMed
Kirchner 2006 {published and unpublished data}
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- Kirchner M, Marshall D. A double‐blind randomized controlled trial comparing alternate forms of high molecular weight hyaluronan for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2006;14(2):154‐62. - PubMed
Kotevoglu 2002 {published data only}
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- Kotevoglu N, Iyibozkurt P, Hiz O, Kuran B. Viscosupplementation treatment for osteoarthritis of the knee. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2002;61 Suppl.
Kotevoglu 2005 {published data only}
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- Kotevoglu N, Iybozkurt PC, Hz O, Toktas H, Kuran B. A prospective randomised controlled clinical trial comparing the efficacy of different molecular weight hyaluronan solutions in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Rheumatology International 2005;4. - PubMed
Lanzer 2002 {published data only}
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- Lanzer WL, Schuster R. A randomized, single‐blind comparison of the efficacy and safety of Synvisc Hylan G‐F 20 and Aristospan Triamcinolone Hexacetonide in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Annual Meeting. Dallas, Texas: AAOS, February 13‐17, 2002:Paper No. 135.
Leardini 1987 {published data only}
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- Leardini G, Franceschini M, Mattara L, Bruno R, Perbellini A. Intra‐articular sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan) in gonarthrosis. A controlled study comparing methylprednisolone acetate. Clinical Trials Journal 1987;24(4):341‐50.
Leardini 1991 {published data only}
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- Leardini G, Mattara L, Franceschini M, Perbellini A. Intra‐articular treatment of knee osteoarthritis. A comparative study between hyaluronic acid and 6‐methyl prednisolone acetate. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 1991;9:375‐81. - PubMed
Leopold 2003 {published data only}
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- Leopold SS, Redd BB, Warme WJ, Wehrle PA, Pettis PD, Shott S. Corticosteroid compared with hyaluronic acid injections for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. A prospective, randomized trial. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2003;85‐A(7):1197‐203. - PubMed
Lin 2004 {unpublished data only}
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- Lin C‐C, Tsai C‐L, Lee C‐H, Chang C‐C, Chen S‐C, Lai C‐H, Beinat L. Efficacy and safety of intra‐articular injections of sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan) in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. A randomized, controlled trial. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery in Preparation.
Listrat 1997 {published data only}
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- Listrat V, Ayral X, Patarnello F, Bonvarlet JP, Simonnet J, Amor B, Dougados M. Arthroscopic evaluation of potential structure modifying activity of hyaluronan (Hyalgan) in osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 1997;5:153‐60. - PubMed
Lohmander 1996 {published data only}
McDonald 2000 {published and unpublished data}
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- McDonald C, Hantel S, Strohmeier M. A randomised, controlled study to compare the performance and safety of two sources of sodium hyaluronate given as a viscosupplement by intra‐articular injection to patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Journal of Clinical Research 2000;3:41‐50.
Miltner 2002 {published data only}
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- Miltner O, Schneider U, Siebert CH, Niedhart C, Niethard FU. Efficacy of intrarticular hyaluronic acid in patients with osteoarthritis ‐ a prospective clinical trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2002;10(9):680‐6. - PubMed
Moreland 1993 {published and unpublished data}
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- Moreland LW, Arnold WJ, Saway A, Savory C, Sikes D. Efficacy and safety of intra‐articular hylan G‐F 20 (Synvisc), a viscoelastic derivative of hyaluronan, in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis & Rheumatism 1993;36 Suppl (9):165.
Nahler 1996 {published data only}
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- Nahler von G, Metelmann H, Sperber H. Treatment of gonarthrosis with Zeel comp. ‐ Results of a randomised, controlled, comparative clinical trial with hyaluronic acid [Behandlung der Gonarthrose mit Zeel comp. ‐ Ergebnisse einer randomisierten, kontrollierten klinischen Prufung im Vergleich zu Hyaluronsaure]. Orthopadische Praxis 1996;32(5):354‐9.
Nahler 1998 {published data only}
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- Nahler G, Metelmann H, Sperber H. Treating osteoarthritis of the knee with a homeopathic preparation. Results of a randomized, controlled, clinical trial in comparison to hyaluronic acid. Biomedical Therapy 1998;XVI(2):186‐91.
Neustadt 2004 {published data only}
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- Neustadt D, Wade J, Gimbel J, Bell M, Caldwell J. Clinical effects of intra‐articular high molecular weight hyaluronan (Orthovisc) in osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2004;50 Suppl (9):144.
Neustadt 2005 {published data only}
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- Neustadt DH, Caldwell JR, Burnette MC, Block JA, Bhirangi K, Lavin PT, Broderick JN. Intra‐articular high molecular weight hyaluronan (Orthovisc) is effective in the treatment of pain of knee osteoarthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2005;64(Suppl III):EULAR, June 8‐11, Vienna, Austria.
Neustadt 2005a ‐3inj {published and unpublished data}
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- Neustadt D, Caldwell J, Bell M, Wade J, Gimbel J. Clinical effects of intraarticular injection of high molecular weight hyaluronan (Orthovisc) in osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, controlled multicenter trial. The Journal of Rheumatology 2005;32(10):1928‐36. - PubMed
Ozturk 2005 {published data only}
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- Ozturk C, Atamaz F, Hepguler S, Argin M, Arkun R. The safety and efficacy of intraarticular hyaluronan with/without corticosteroid in knee osteoarthritis: 1‐year, single‐blind, randomized study. Rheumatology International 2005 February 10;Epub ahead of print. - PubMed
Petrella 2002 {published data only}
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- Petrella RJ, DiSilvestro MD, Hildebrand C. Effect of hyaluronate sodium on pain and physical functioning in osteoarthritis of the knee. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Archives of Internal Medicine 2002;162:292‐8. - PubMed
Pham 2003 {published data only}
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- Pham T, Henanff A, Ravaud P, Dieppe P, Brin S, Paolozzi L, Dougados M. Lack of symptomatic and structural efficacy of a new hyaluronic acid (HA) compund (NRD101) when compared to diacerein and placebo in a one‐year controlled study in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2003;48 Suppl (9):698.
Pham 2004 {published data only}
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- Pham T, Henanff A, Ravaud Ph, Dieppe P, Paolozzi L, Dougados M. Evaluation of the symptomatic and structural efficacy of a new hyaluronic acid compound, NRD101, in comparison with diacerein and placebo in a 1 year randomised controlled study in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2004;63:1611‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Pietrogrande 1991 {published data only}
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- Pietrogrande V, Melanotte PL, D'Agnolo B, Ulivi M, Benigni GA, Turchetto L, Pierfederici P, Perbellini A. Hyaluronic acid versus methylprednisolone intra‐articularly injected for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Current Therapeutic Research 1991;50(5):691‐701.
Puhl 1993 {published data only}
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- Puhl W, Bernau A, Greiling H, Kopcke W, Pforringer W, Steck KJ, Zacher J, Scharf HP. Intra‐articular sodium hyaluronate in osteoarthritis of the knee: a multicenter, double‐blind study. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 1993;1:233‐41. - PubMed
Raynauld 2002 {published and unpublished data}
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- Raynauld JP, Torrance GW, Band PA, Goldsmith CH, Tugwell P, Walker V, Schultz M, Bellamy N. A prospective, randomized, pragmatic, health outcomes trial evaluating the incorporation of hylan G‐F 20 into the treatment paradigm for patients with knee osteoarthritis (Part 1 of 2): clinical results. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2002;10(7):506‐17. - PubMed
Redd 2003 {published data only}
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- Redd BB, Leopold SS, Warme WJ, Pettis PD, Wehrle PA, Shott S. Corticosteroid vs. Synvisc injections for knee arthritis: a randomized, controlled trial demonstrating similar overall efficacy but significant gender‐related treatment differences. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. New Orleans: AAOS, Feb.5‐9, 2003.
Rejaili 2005 {published data only}
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- Rejaili WA, Chueire AG, Cordeiro JA, Petean FC, Carvalho Filho G. The evaluation of hilan GF‐20 in the postoperative knee arthroscopies for arthrosis. Acta Ortop Bras 2005;13(1):20‐3.
Roman 2000 {published data only}
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- Roman JA, Chismol J, Morales M, Donderis JL. Intra‐articular treatment with hyaluronic acid. Comparative study of hyalgan and adant. Clinical Rheumatology 2000;19:204‐6. - PubMed
Scale 1994a (2 inj) {published and unpublished data}
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- Scale D, Wobig M, Wolpert W. Viscosupplementation of osteoarthritic knees with hylan: a treatment schedule study. Current Therapeutic Research 1994;55(3):220‐32.
Scale 1994b (3 inj) {published and unpublished data}
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- Scale D, Wobig M, Wolpert W. Viscosupplementation of osteoarthritis knees with hylan: a treatment schedule study. Current Therapeutic Research 1994;55(3):220‐32.
Schneider 1997 {published data only}
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- Schneider U, Miltner O, Graf J, Thomsen M, Niethard FU. The efficacy of hyaluronic acid in patients with osteoarthritis of both knees in right/left‐comparison ‐ examination with dynamometry, synovial oxygen partial pressure, intraarticular temperature and Lequesne score [Wirkungsweise von Hyaluronsaure bei Gonarthrose beider Kniegelenke im Rechts/Links‐Vergleich. Untersuchung mit Dynamometrie, Sauerstoffpartialdruck, Temperatur und Lequesne score]. Zeitschrift Orthop 1997;135:341‐7. - PubMed
Sezgin 2005 {published data only}
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- Sezgin M, Demirel AC, Karaca C, Ortancil O, Ulkar GB, Kamk A, Cakci A. Does hyaluronan affect inflammatory cytokines in knee osteoarthritis?. Rheumatology International 2005;25(4):264‐9. - PubMed
Shichikawa 1983a {published data only}
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- Shichikawa K. Evaluation of the effect of sodium hyaluronate (SPH) to osteoarthritis of the knee. The Ryumachi 1983;23(4):280‐90. - PubMed
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St. J. Dixon 1988 {published and unpublished data}
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Tamir 2001 {published data only}
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Tascioglu 2003 {published data only}
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- Tekeoglu I, Adak B, Goksoy T, Tosun N. Effects of intra‐articular injections of sodium hyaluronate (Orthovisc) and betamethasone on osteoarthritis of the knee. The Journal of Rheumatology & Medical Rehabilitation 1998;9(4):220‐4.
Thompson 2002 {published data only}
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- Thompson JI, Huang YW, Zaibel R. Safety and efficacy of fermentation‐derived high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate ‐ a clinical trial in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2002;10 Suppl (A):70‐1.
Tsai 2003 {published and unpublished data}
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- Tsai C‐L, Chang C‐C, Chen S‐C, Beinat L, Piva S. Treatment of knee osteoarthritis in Asian population with an intra‐articular hyaluronan of MW 500‐730 KDa. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2003;11 Suppl (A):119. [OARSI October 2003 Berlin]
Tsukamoto 1995 {published data only}
-
- Tsukamoto Y, Yamamoto M, Motegi M, Iwata H, Ryu J, Takagishi K, Sugawara S. A double‐blind trial of intra‐articular higher molecular weight hyaluronic acid (NRD 101) versus lower molecular weight hyaluronic acid (Artz) in knee osteoarthritis. Rheumatology in Europe 1995;24(EULAR, Amsterdam):333.
Wobig 1998 {published data only}
-
- Wobig M, Dickhut A, Maier R, Vetter G. Viscosupplementation with hyaln G‐F 20: a 26‐week controlled trial of efficacy and safety in the osteoarthritic knee. Clinical Therapeutics 1998;20(3):410‐23. - PubMed
Wobig 1999 {published data only}
-
- Wobig M, Bach G, Beks P, Dickhut A, Runzheimer J, Schwieger G, Vetter G, Balazs E. The role of elastoviscosity in the efficacy of viscosupplementation for osteoarthritis of the knee: a comparison of hylan G‐F 20 and a lower‐molecular‐weight hyaluronan. Clinical Therapeutics 1999;21(9):1549‐62. - PubMed
Wobig 1999a (Healon) {published and unpublished data}
-
- See Wobig 1999.
Wobig 1999b (Artz) {published and unpublished data}
-
- See Wobig 1999.
Wobig 1999c (NEhyl) {published data only}
-
- See Wobig 1999.
Wu 1997 {published data only}
-
- Wu JJ, Shih LY, Hsu HC, Chen TH. The double‐blind test of sodium hyaluronate (Artz) on osteoarthritis knee. Chinese Medical Journal (Taipei) 1997;59:99‐106. - PubMed
Wu 2004 {published data only}
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- Wu H‐B, Du J‐Y, Yang S‐H, Shao Z‐W, Xiong X‐Q. Evaluation on the effects of hyaluronan combined with different dosages of celecoxib for relieving pain and ankylosis induced by knee osteoarthritis. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation [Zhongguo lin Chuang Kang fu] 2004;8(26):5491‐3.
Yamamoto 1994 {published data only}
-
- Yamamoto M, Sugawara Y, Tsukamoto Y, Motegi M, Iwata H, Rye J, Takagishi K, Nakashima M. Clinical evaluation of high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate (NRD 101) on osteoarthritis of the knee. A phase III comparative clinical study with Artz as a control drug. Japanese Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1994;22(9):4059‐87.
Yentur 2003 {published data only}
-
- Yentur EA, Okcu G, Yegul I. The role of trigger point therapy in knee osteoarthritis. The Pain Clinic 2003;15(4):385‐90.
References to studies excluded from this review
Aglas 1997 {published data only}
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- Aglas F, Hermann J, Uitz E, Rainer F. Long‐term benefits of a single treatment cycle with hyaluronan (Hyalgan) in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Rheumatology in Europe 1997;26 Suppl (2):46.
Akermark 2002 {published data only}
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- Akermark C, Berg P, Bjorkman A, Malm P. Non‐animal stabilised hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. A tolerability study. Clinical Drug Investigation 2002;22(3):157‐66.
Akermark 2004 {published data only}
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- Akermark C, Adalberth T, Ericsater J, Isacsson J. [Patient‐perceived efficacy of non‐animal stabilized hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee]. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2004;12 Suppl (2):147. - PubMed
Alonge 2004 {published data only}
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- Alonge TO, Akinpelu A, Ogunlade SO, Akinosun OM. [Intra‐articular Synject in the management of knee OA in Nigeria ‐ an intial report]. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2004;12 Suppl (2):148.
Angel 2001 {published data only}
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- Angel K, Campbell D, Dobson P, Lewis P, Nisyrios G, Tandon S. [Does viscosupplementation work? A preliminary study]. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2001;83‐B(Suppl III):324.
Arizono 1997 {published data only}
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- Arizono T, Hara T, Hara Y. Effect of high‐molecular‐weight sodium hyaluronate on osteoarthrosis. Orthop Surg Traumatol 1997;46 Suppl (1):207‐10.
Ates 2001 {published data only}
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- Ates A, Kinikli G, Turgay M, Duman M. Viscosupplementation with sodium hyaluronate for the treatment of osteoarthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology 2001;28 Suppl (63):8.
Bagga 2003 {published data only}
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- Bagga H, Burkhardt D, Morris D, Ghosh P, Sambrook P, March L. [Long term effects of intra‐articular hylan G‐F 20 (Synvisc) on synovial fluid hyaluronan and sulfated glycosaminoglycans levels]. Annals of the Rheumatic DIseases 2003;EULAR, Lisbon, Portugal, June 18‐21.
Bardin 2004 {published data only}
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- Bardin T, Kieffer P, Hassaynia K, Vincent P, Vincent Aubrey F. [A large study phase IV of intraarticular arthrum H in knee OA patients]. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2004;12 Suppl (2):145.
Barrett 2002 {published data only}
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- Barrett JP, Siviero P. [Retrospective study of outcomes in Hyalgan‐treated patients with osteoarthritis of the knee]. Clinical Drug Investigation 2002;23:87‐97. - PubMed
Bell 1999 {published data only}
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- Bell M, Fallaha M, Lenczner E, Ranger P, Welsh P. Viscosupplementation with hylan G‐F 20 in total knee replacement candidates: an effective pain management therapy that may delay surgery. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 1999;7 Suppl (A):30.
Bellamy 2000 {published data only}
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Birbara 2004 {published data only}
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Bolgen Cimen {published data only}
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- Bolgen CImen O, Gulaldi NCM, Ozisik S, Bagis S, Kanik A, Erdogan C. [Clinical and scintigraphic evaluation in intra‐articular hyaluronate therapy]. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2003;EULAR, Lisbon, Portugal, June 18‐2.
Bruce 2004 {published data only}
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- Bruce B, Singh G, Sato R, Waddell DD. [Hylan G‐F 20 significantly improves pain, function and patient global after 6 months in knee OA]. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) On‐Line Service 2004;Annual Meeting Podium Presentations(71st Annual Meeting, March 10‐14, San Francisco).
Carrabba 1992 {published data only}
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- Carrabba M, Paresce E, Angelini M, Zamboni AM, Bragantini A, Paissan A, Molinaroli F, Perbellini A. The intra‐articular treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. A comparative study between hyaluronic acid (Hyalgan) and Orgotein. European Journal of Rheumatology and Inflammation 1992;12:47‐57.
Chhabra 2000 {published data only}
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- Chhabra SR, Newlove R, Montgomery S. Intraarticular hylan injections in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a prospective study of 120 patients. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2000;82‐B Suppl (I):68.
Clarke 2001 {published data only}
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- Clarke S, Lock V, Duddy J, Newman J, Kirwan JR. Intra‐articular hylan GF20 (Synvisc) in the management of patellofemoral osteoarthritis of the knee (POAK). Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2001;60:230‐1. - PubMed
Clarke 2005 {published data only}
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- Clarke S, Lock V, Duddy J, Sharif M, Newman JH, Kirwan JR. [Intra‐articular hylan G‐F 20 (Synvisc) in the management of patellofemoral osteoarthritis of the knee (POAK)]. The Knee 2005;12:57‐62. - PubMed
Conrozier 2003 {published data only}
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- Conrozier T, Mathieu P, Schott A‐M, Laurent I, Hajri T, Crozes P, et al Meignan F, Noel E, Rozand Y, Savoye J‐F, Vignon E. Is there predictive factors of long term efficacy of viscosupplementation with hylan GF‐20 in knee osteoarthritis? [Existe‐t‐il des facteurs predictifs de l'efficacite a long terme de la viscosupplementation par hylane GF‐20 dans la gonarthrose?]. Revue du rhumatisme 2003;70:253‐8.
Couceiro 2003 {published data only}
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- Couceiro JM, Coton F, Fernandez A, Collado A, Usabiaga J, Coronel P, Llorens MA and the Adant Study Group. Multicenter clinical trial on the efficacy of intra‐articular hyaluronic acid (Adant) in osteoarthritis of the knee [Estudio multicentrico de la eficacia del tratamiento intraarticular con acido hialuronico (Adant) en artrosis de rodilla]. Revista Espanola de Reumatologia 2003;320(2):57‐65.
D'Agnolo 1988 {published data only}
-
- D'Agnolo B, Perbellini A. Intra‐articular hyaluronic acid treatment in gonarthritis. Results of an open trial on 30 patients. Reumatismo 1988;40:57‐64.
Dahlberg 1994 {published data only}
-
- Dahlberg L, Lohmander LS, Ryd L. Intraarticular injections of hyaluronan in patients with cartilage abnormalities and knee pain. A one‐year double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Arthritis & Rheumatism 1994;37(4):521‐8. - PubMed
Evanich 2001 {published data only}
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- Evanich JD, Evanich CJ, Wright MB, Rydlewicz JA. [Effficacy of intraarticular hyaluronic acid injections in knee osteoarthritis]. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 2001, (390):173‐81. - PubMed
Faraawi 2003 {published data only}
-
- Faraawi R. [Retrospective study in intra‐articular injection with hylan G‐F 20 (patient perspective)]. The Journal of Rheumatology 2003;30(8):1880.
Faus 2002 {published data only}
-
- Faus S, Fiter J, Canellas. Ultrasound measuring of the thickness of articular cartilage in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis treated with hyaluronic acid. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2002;61 Suppl.
Frizziero 1993 {published data only}
-
- Frizziero L, Focherini MC, Govoni E. Hyaluronic acid versus methylprednisolone intra‐articular treatment in knee osteoarthritis: a comparative, integrated in vivo and ex vivo morphological assessment by arthroscopy and histopathology. Revista Espanola de Rheumatologia 1993;20 Suppl (1):575.
Frizziero 1997 {published data only}
-
- Frizziero L, Pasquali Ronchetti I, Guerra D, Guidolin D. Intra‐articular treatment with hyalonic acid: a clinical endoscopic and histological study in osteoarthritis of the knee. Rheumatology in Europe 1997;26 Suppl (2):47.
Frizziero 1998 {published data only}
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- Frizziero L, Govoni E, Bacchini P. Intra‐articular hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: clinical and morphological study. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 1998;16:441‐9. - PubMed
Fuji 1994 {published data only}
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- Fuji T, Matsui S, Fujita S, Hirota S. Clinical effect of intra‐articular injection of sodium hyaluronate (Artz) on osteoarthritis of the knee. A study comparing between independently using and combined using local anesthetic. Japanese Journal of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences 1994;32(3):507‐13.
Goorman 2000 {published data only}
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- Goorman SD, Watanabe TK, Miller EH, Perry C. Functional outcome in knee osteoarthritis after treatment with hylan G‐F 20: a prospective study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2000;81:479‐83. - PubMed
Grecomoro 1992 {published data only}
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- Grecomoro G, Piccione F, Letizia G. Therapeutic synergism between hyaluronic acid and dexamethasone in the intra‐articular treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a preliminary open study. Current Medical Research and Opinion 1992;13(1):49‐55. - PubMed
Guerrero 1999 {published data only}
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- Guerrero R, Sanchez‐Pernaute O, Acebes C, Llorens MA, Mas S, Palacios I, et al. Modification of synovial cartilage markers after repetitive intraarticular administration of hyaluronate (Adant) in knee OA patients. Arthritis & Rheumatism 1999;42 Suppl (9):253.
Guerrero 1999a {published data only}
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- Guerrero R, Herreo‐Beaumont G, Acebes C, Sanchez‐Pernaute O, Llorens MA, Blazquez AB, Palacios I, Egido J, Vivanco F. Cartilage turnover and symptomatic relief observed in patients with knee OA after intra‐articular administration of a hyaluronate polymer (Adant). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 1999;7 Suppl (A):32.
Hamburger 2004 {published data only}
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- Hamburger MI, Hamburger MK, Brandt L, Kaell AT, Bennett RS, Johnson S, Rumore P, Schulman P. [Retrospective comparative analysis of the safety and efficacy of intra‐articular hyaluronan therapies in clinical practice]. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2004;12 Suppl (2):146.
Hashimoto 1992 {published data only}
-
- Hashimoto Y, et al. Multicenter clinical studies of ARTZ (high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate) in the long term treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: including x‐ray analysis. Japanese Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1992;20(7):2699‐712.
Honma 1989 {published data only}
-
- Honma T, Sakurai M, Maeda I, et al. Clinical effects of high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate (Artz) injected into osteoarthritis knee joint. Japanese Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1989;17(10):5057‐72.
Igarashi 1983 {published data only}
-
- Igarashi M, Onozawa T, Murata M, et al. Multicentre clinical studies of high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate in the long‐term treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Japanese Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1983;11(11):4871‐88.
Ines 2002 {published data only}
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- Ines LS, Reis P, Santos MJ, Alexandre M, Silva C, Brana A, Barcelos A, Nour D, Silva JAP, Malcata A, Porto A. Joint lavage and infiltration as treatment for knee arthritis: an open follow‐up evaluation in the clinical setting. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2002;61 Suppl.
Iseki 1983 {published data only}
-
- Iseki F, Hosokawa M, Shibata H, et al. Clinical study of high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate (SPH) on osteoarthritis of the knee. Japanese Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1983;11(8):401(3283)‐15(97).
Iwasaki 1993 {published data only}
-
- Iwaskai K, Norimatsu T, Matsuzaka N, Teramoto T. Usefulness of sodium hyaluronate (Artz) in osteoarthritis of the knee. Comparison between monotherapy and combination therapy with a local anesthetic. Medical Consultation & New Remedies 1993;30(8):1469‐76.
Johnson 2004 {published data only}
-
- Johnson DM. [Audit of the effect on pain scores of intra‐articular hyalgan injection in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee in a nurse‐led clinic]. Rheumatology 2004;43(Suppl 2):ii156.
Kawakami 1993 {published data only}
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- Kawakami K, et al. Clinical evaluation of intra‐articlar injection therapy of high‐molecular Na‐hyaluronate for osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Journal of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science 1993;29(5):1309.
Kolarz 1995 {published data only}
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- Kolarz G, Kotz R, Broll H, Dunky A, Landsiedl F, Mayrhofer F, Rainer F, Ramach W, Singer F, Metz M. [Hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee joint: interim results of a comparative clinical study]. European Journal of Rheumatology and Inflammation 1995;15(1):39‐46.
Kolarz 2003 {published data only}
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- Kolarz G, Kotz R, Hochmayer I. [Long‐term benefits and repeated treatment cycles of intra‐articular sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan) in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee]. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 2003;32(5):310‐9. - PubMed
Kotz 1999 {published data only}
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- Kotz R, Kolarz G. Intra‐articular hyaluronic acid: duration of effect and results of repeated treatment cycles. American Journal of Orthopedics 1999;28 Suppl (11):5‐7. - PubMed
Koyuncu 2002 {published data only}
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- Koyuncu H, Dinc A, Ozkul Y, Yucel E. Clinical, functional and radiological efficacy and tolerability of hyaluronate in osteoarthritis ‐ an open study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2002;61 Suppl (EULAR).
Koyuncu 2003 {published data only}
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- Koyuncu H, Uludag M, Cakmak B, Yucel E, Dinc A, Toros H. [The efficacy and safety of viscosupplementation with hylan G‐F 20 in osteoarthritic knee]. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2003;11 Suppl (A):45.
Kumar 2003 {published data only}
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- Kumar N, Rao C, Marshall NJ, Griffiths ID. [Results of one year follow up after treatment with viscosupplementation]. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2003;EULAR, Lisbon, Portugal, June 18‐21.
Kurokawa 1994 {published data only}
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- Kurokawa T, et al. Clinical evaluation of high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate (NRD101) on osteoarthritis of the knee: phase III long‐term clinical study. Jpn Pharmacol Ther 1994;22(9):4007‐28.
Lee 1999 {published data only}
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- Lee S‐S, Joo Y‐S, Kim W‐U, Park S‐H, Cho C‐S, Kim H‐Y, Kim H‐J, Kim S‐J. Clinical efficacy and safety of hyruan (sodium hyaluronate) in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. J Korean Rheum Assoc 1999;6(1):53‐61.
Lee 2004 {published data only}
-
- Lee S, Park D, Chmell SJ. Viscosupplementation with hylan G‐F 20 (Synvisc). The Journal of Knee Surgery 2004;17(2):73‐7. - PubMed
Legre 2001 {published data only}
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- Legre V, Pham T, Lafforgue P. Evaluation of safety and efficacy of hylan GF‐20 in knee osteoarthritis with chondrocalcinosis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2001;9 Suppl (B):47.
Leopold 2002 {published data only}
-
- Leopold SS, Warme WJ, Pettis PD, Shott S. [Increased frequency of acute local reaction to intra‐articular hylan GF‐20 (Synvisc) in patients receiving more than one course of treatment]. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2002;83‐A(9):1619‐23. - PubMed
Lussier 1996 {published data only}
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- Lussier A, Cividino AA, McFarlane CA, Olszynski WP, Potashner WJ, Medicis R. Viscosupplementation with hylan for the treatment of osteoarthritis: findings from clinical practice in Canada. The Journal of Rheumatology 1996;23(9):1579‐85. - PubMed
Magobotha 2001 {published data only}
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- Magobotha SK, Rogan IM. [Viscosupplementation: an alternative method of treating osteoarthritis of the knee]. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2001;83‐B Suppl (1):10‐1.
Mathieu 2001 {published data only}
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- Mathieu P, Conrozier T, Schott AM, Laurent I, Marc JF, Vignon E. [Viscosupplementation with hylan GF‐20 in knee osteoarthritis: assessment of the predictive factors of long‐term efficacy]. Osteoarthritis and Cartilge 2001;9 Suppl (B):27.
Mazieres 2004 {published data only}
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- Mazieres B, Bacri A, Bard H, Pen C, Riviere M. [French pharmacoeconomic study of hyaluronic acid for osteoarthritis of the knee. An interim analysis]. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2004;EULAR, Berlin, June 9‐12.
Mazzocato 1987 {published data only}
-
- Mazzocato G, Melanotte PL, Perbellini A. [Efficacia terapeutica dello ialuronato di sodio nell‐arthrosi del ginocchio. Risultati di uno studio in aperto]. Ortopedia e traumatologia oggi 1987;VII(6):333‐8.
Megyeri 1993 {published data only}
-
- Megyeri A, Genti G. [Intra‐articular treatment with sodium hyaluronate in osteoarthritis of the knee: short‐term clinical study]. Revista Espanola de Reumatologia 1993;20 Suppl (1):329.
Mensitieri 1995 {published data only}
-
- Mensitieri M, Ambrosio L, Iannace S, Nicolais L. Viscoelastic evaluation of different knee osteoarthritis therapies. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 1995;6:130‐7.
Milini 1989 {published data only}
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- Milini C, Monini L, Brunelli G. Hyaluronic acid in the treatment of gonarthrosis. Findings of an open study [L'acido ialuronico nel trattamento della gonartrosi. Risultati di uno studio in aperto]. Farmaci 1989;13:1‐7.
Miller 1999 {published data only}
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- Miller EH, Snyder MA, Heidt RS, Welch MC. Analysis of the results of viscosupplementation with hylan G‐F 20 in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a prospective study of 108 patients. 66th Annual Meeting Proceedings, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Anaheim, CA, February 4‐8, 1999:233.
Minami 1993 {published data only}
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- Minami S, Okazaki, T, Tanaka T, Isobe K, Tsuchida T, Saegusa O, Fujitsuka M, Moriya H. A study of the effect of intra‐articular injection of SLM‐10 (sodium hyaluronate) on osteoarthritis of the knee. Japanese Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1993;21 Suppl (2):565‐79.
Moller 2001 {published data only}
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- Moller I, Moragues C, Marti N, Alegre JJ. [Intra‐articular hyaluronate efficacy and safety in treatment of knee OA]. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2001;9 Suppl (B):51.
Monfort 2000 {published data only}
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- Monfort J, Benito P. [Treatment with hyaluronic acid in patients affected with gonarthrosis with and without chondrocalcinosis]. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2000;8 Suppl (B):70.
Myburgh 2001 {published data only}
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- Myburgh JG. [Viscosupplementation with hylan G‐F 20 in the treatment of osteoarthritis]. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2001;83‐B Suppl (1):10.
Namiki 1982 {published data only}
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- Namiki O, Toyoshima H, Morisaki N. Therapeutic effect of intra‐articular injection of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid on osteoarthritis of the knee. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Therapy and Toxicology 1982;20(11):501‐7. - PubMed
Neustadt 2001 {published data only}
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- Neustadt DH. [Clinical experience with intra‐articular hyaluronate in osteoarthritis of the knee]. The Journal of Rheumatology 2001;28 Suppl (63):6.
Neustadt 2003 {published data only}
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- Neustadt DH. [Long‐term efficacy and safety of intra‐articular sodium hyaluroante (Hyalgan) in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee]. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2003;21:307‐11. - PubMed
Novaes 2005 {published data only}
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- Novaes AC, Schaiquevich P, Nasswetter G, The Latin American Group of Quality of Life in Rheumatology. [Multicenter study of hyaluronic acid obtained by biotechnology to evaluate clinical efficacy and safety in knee osteoarthritis]. International Journal of Clinical and Pharmacology Research 2005;XXV(1):1‐7. - PubMed
Oberoi 2004 {published data only}
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- Oberoi IS. [Gains of viscosupplementation following arthroscopic assisted surgery in gonarthrosis in femoro‐tibial joints]. International Cartilage Repair Society, 5th Symposium. Gent, Belgium, May 26‐29, 2004:20‐1.
Olszynski 2002 {published data only}
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- Olszynski WP, Olszynski M. The effect of viscosupplementation therapy among patients suffering from degenerative joint disease of the knees. The Journal of Rheumatology 2002;29(7):1572.
Ono 1993 {published data only}
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- Ono K, Nakahara H, Yonenobu K, Ochi T, Hongo I, Mizushima T, et al. [A study of the effect of intra‐articular injection of high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate (SLM‐10) on osteoarthritis of the knee joint]. Japanese Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1993;21 Suppl (2):611‐32.
Ono 1993a {published data only}
-
- Ono K, Hirasawa Y, Matsui N, Moriya H. [A study of the effect of intra‐articular long term injection of high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate (SLM‐10) on osteoarthritis of the knee joint]. Japanese Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1993;21 Suppl (2):687‐702.
Oron 2003 {published data only}
-
- Oron A, Mirovsky Y, Agar G, Halperin N. [Viscosupplementation with Orthovisc vs. Synvisc for the treatment of osteoarthritis: findings from clinical practice in Israel]. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2003;11 Suppl (A):46.
Oshima 1983 {published data only}
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- Oshima Y, Azuma H, Namiki O, Aoki T, Azuma T, Irie N, et al. Intra‐articular injection therapy of high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate (SPH) on osteoarthritis of the knee joint ‐ phase II clinical study. Japanese Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1983;11(6):2253‐67.
Pasquali Ronchetti {published data only}
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- Pasquali Ronchetti I, Guerra D, Taparelli F, Boraldi F, Bergamini G, Mori G, Zizzi F, Frizziero L. [Morphological analysis of knee synovial membrane biopsies from a randomized controlled clinial study comparing the effects of sodium hyaluronate (HyalganR) and methylprednisolone acetate (DepomedrolR) in osteoarthritis]. Rheumatology 2001;40:158‐69. - PubMed
Pavelka 2002 {published data only}
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- Pavelka K. Intraarticular sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan) in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: findings from clinical practise in Czech Republic. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2002;61 Suppl.
Pavelka 2002a {published data only}
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- Pavelka K. Intraarticular sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan) in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: findings from clinical practise in Czech Republic. Czech Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech 2002;69:302‐7. - PubMed
Payne 2000 {published data only}
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- Payne MW, Petrella RJ. [Viscosupplementation effect on proprioception in the osteoarthritic knee]. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2000;81:598‐603. - PubMed
Petrella 2003 {published data only}
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- Petrella RJ, Cogliano A. [Sodium hyaluronate (Suplasyn) viscosupplementation for treatment of knee osteoarthritis: clinical and functional outcomes and treatment satisfaction from routine clinical practice]. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2003;EULAR, Lisbon, Portugal, June 18‐21.
Petrella 2003a {published and unpublished data}
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- Petrella RJ, Riviere M. The utilization of hyaluronic acid for the treatment of osteoarthritis within the primary care experience (methodology of data mining of a large database >53 000). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 2003; Vol. 11 Suppl (A):83.
Petrella 2003b {published and unpublished data}
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- Petrella RJ, Cogliano A. [Sodium hyaluronate viscosupplementation for treatment of knee osteoarthritis: clinical and functional outcomes and treatment satisfaction from routine clinical practices]. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2003;11 Suppl (A):101.
Petrella 2005 {published data only}
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- Petrella RJ. Hyaluronic acid for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: long‐term outcomes from a naturalistic primary care experience. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 2005;84(4):278‐83. - PubMed
Pipino 1990 {published data only}
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- Pipino F, Molfetta L, Berlingerio G. Hyaluronic acid in the treatment of gonarthrosis. Results of an open trial [L'acido ialuronico nella terapia della gonartrosi]. Minerva Ortopedica e Traumatologica 1990;41(11):655‐60.
Punzi 1988 {published data only}
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- Punzi L, Schiavon F, Ramonda R, Malatesta V, Gambari P, Todesco S. Intra‐articular hyaluronic acid in the treatment of inflammatory and noninflammatory knee effusions. Current Therapeutic Research 1988;43(4):643‐47.
Rao 2001 {published data only}
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- Rao C, Kumar N, Young‐Min S, Marshall NJ, Platt PN, Griffiths ID. Experiences with a viscosupplementation (Hyalgan) clinic. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2001;60 Suppl (1):233.
Rastogi 2005 {published data only}
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- Rastogi S, Sharma VK, Chandra R, Sivaraman ST. [Open label multicentre trial on safety and efficacy of intra‐articular hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee ‐ a prospective study]. Journal, Indian Academy of Clinical Medicine 2005;6(3):232‐5.
Russell 1992 {published data only}
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- Russell IJ, Michalek JE, Lawrence VA, Lessard JA, Briggs BT, May GS. A randomized, placebo (PL) and no‐intervention (NI) controlled, trial of intra‐articular (IA) 1% sodium hyaluronate (HA) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Arthritis & Rheumatism 1992;35 Suppl:132.
Scali 1995 {published data only}
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- Scali JJ. Intra‐articular hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a long term study. European Journal of Rheumatology and Inflammation 1995;15(1):57‐62.
Sepici 2002 {published data only}
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- Sepici V, Sepici A, Acikgoz S, Tali T. The role of viscosupplementation with sodium hyaluronate (Orthovisc) in urine gag levels and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of osteoarthritis of the knee. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2002;61 Suppl.
Shibata 1993 {published data only}
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- Shibata S. Using experience and significance of sodium hyaluronate (Artz) for osteoarthritis of the knee. Journal of New Remedies & Clinics 1993;42(3):598.
Sieliwonczyk 1997 {published data only}
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- Sieliwonczyk P, Mazurkiewicz S, Ostojski R, Kusiak A. The value of intraarticular Hyalgan injections in treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee [Ocena wartosci dostawowych iniekcji preparatu Hyalgan w leczeniu zmian zwyrodnieniowych stawu kolanowego]. Chir Narz Ruchu Ortop Pol 1997;LXIII(4):337‐42. - PubMed
Singh 2004 {published data only}
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- Singh G, Bruce B, Sato R, Waddell DD. [Treatment satisfaction in patients treated with hylan G‐F 20 vs. intra‐articular steroids at 6 months]. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) On‐Line Service 2004;Annual Meeting Podium Presentations(71st Annual Meeting, March 10‐14, San Francisco).
Sripada 1999 {published data only}
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- Sripada P, Pritchard C, Bankes PF. Comparison efficacy of hyaluronan and hylan G‐F 20 in osteoarthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism 1999;42 Suppl (9):296.
Stambuk 2001 {published data only}
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- Stambuk B, Gnjidic Z, Brencic‐Dlesk M. [Efficacy and safety of intra‐articular injection of hylan GF‐20 (Synvisc) for the knee]. The Journal of Rheumatology 2001;28 Suppl (63):10.
Suzu 1990 {published data only}
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- Suzu F, Hirasawa Y. Results of long term treatment with ARTZ for the knee osteoarthritis. Japanese Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1990;18(12):4979‐84.
Suzu 1993 {published data only}
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- Suzu F, Hirasawa Y. A study of the effect of high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate (SLM‐10) on osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Japanese Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1993;21 Suppl (2):595‐610.
Takeuchi 1993 {published data only}
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- Takeuchi H, Yamaguchi I, Morita S, Kawagoe S, Chosa E, Maehara T, Kuroki T, Kuwahara S. Multicenter clinical study in intraarticular injection of high molecular sodium hyaluronate (ARTZ) for osteoarthritis of the knee. Journal of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science 1993;29(6):1517‐25.
Taneda 1993 {published data only}
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- Taneda Y, Matsui N, Nakane K, Takai Y, Suzuki H, Hongoh N. A study of the effect of SLM‐10 on osteoarthritis of the knee. Japanese Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1993;21 Suppl (2):581‐93.
Tang 2004 {published data only}
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- Tang SF, Chen CP, Chen MJ, Pei Y‐C, Lau Y‐C, Leong C‐P. [Changes in sagittal ground reaction forces after intra‐articular hyaluronate injections for knee osteoarthritis]. Archives Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2004;85(6):951‐5. - PubMed
Tang 2005 {published data only}
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- Tang SFT, Chen CPC, Chen MJL, Hong WH, Yu TY, Tsai WC. [Improvement of muscle strength in osteoarthritic knee patients after intraarticular knee injection of hyaluronan]. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 2005;84(4):274‐7. - PubMed
Toh 2002 {published data only}
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- Toh EM, Prasad PS, Teanby D. [Correlating the efficacy of knee viscosupplementation with osteoarthritic changes on roentgenological examination]. The Knee 2002;9:321‐30. - PubMed
Toh 2003 {published data only}
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- Toh EM, Prasad P, Teanby D. [Correlating the outcome of knee intraarticular viscosupplementation with radiological changes of osteoarthritis]. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2003;85‐B Suppl (II):178.
Torrance 2002 {published and unpublished data}
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- Torrance GW, Raynauld JP, Walker V, Goldsmith CH, Bellamy N, Band PA, Schultz M, Tugwell P. A prospective, randomized, pragmatic, health outcomes trial evaluating the incorporation of hylan G‐F 20 into the treatment paradigm for patients with knee osteoarthritis (Part 2 of 2): economic results. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2002;10(7):518‐27. - PubMed
Turajane 2005 {published data only}
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- Turajane T, Labpiboonpong V, Maungsiri S, Sattayathum P. [Therapeutic effects of intra‐articular hyaluronan on failed conservative treatment of knee osteoarthritis with minimum two years follow up]. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2005;64(Suppl III):EULAR, June 8‐11, Vienna, Austria.
Turajane 2005a {published data only}
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- Turajane T, Labpiboonpong V, Maungsiri S, Sattayathum P. [Medico‐economic analysis of sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan) treatment in an Asian population over 65 yrs with Kellgren‐Lawrence grade 4 knee OA who failed conservative treatment]. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2005;64(Suppl III):EULAR, June 8‐11, Vienna, Austria.
Uebelhart 2003 {unpublished data only}
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- Uebelhart D, Berz S. [Safety and efficacy of fermentative hyaluronan in knee osteoarthritis: a retrospective study]. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2003;11 Suppl (A):80.
Vad 2000 {published data only}
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- Vad VB, Cooke PM, Wickiewicz TL, Sculco TP, Warren RF, Althek DW. Hylan versus knee lavage and hylan in management of knee osteoarthritis. 67th Annual Meeting Proceedings, American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. Orlando, FL, March 15‐19, 2000:456.
Vad 2003 {published data only}
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- Vad VB, Bhat AL, Sculco TP, Wickiewicz TL. [Management of knee osteoarthritis: knee lavage combined with hylan versus hylan alone]. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2003;84:634‐7. - PubMed
Waddell 2001a {published data only}
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- Waddell DD, Estey DJ, Bricker D. [Retrospective tolerance of hylan G‐F 20 using fluoroscopically‐confirmed injection and effectiveness of retreatment of knee osteoarthritis]. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2001;44 Suppl (9):48.
Waddell 2001b {published data only}
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- Waddell DD, Bricker D. [Hylan G‐F 20 reduces the probability of progression to total knee replacement in knee osteoarthritis]. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2001;44 Suppl (9):49.
Waddell 2001c {published data only}
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- Waddell D, Rein A, Panarites C, Coleman PM, Weiss C. [Cost implications of introducing an alternative treatment for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee in a managed care setting]. American Journal of Management and Care 2001;7(10):981‐91. - PubMed
Waddell 2003 {published data only}
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- Waddell DD, Cefalu CA, Bricker DC. [A 52‐week, open‐label study of a second course of hylan G‐F 20 for the treatment of pain associated with osteoarthritis of the knee]. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2003;EULAR, Lisbon, Portugal, June 18‐21.
Waddell 2003a {published data only}
-
- Waddell DD, Bricker DC. [Hylan G‐F 20 reduces the probability of progression to total knee replacement in knee osteoarthritis]. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2003;EULAR, Lisbon, Portugal, June 18‐21.
Waddell 2003b {published data only}
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- Waddell DD, Bricker DC. [Hylan G‐F 20 in knee osteoarthritis patients: low incidence and clinical management of local adverse events]. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2003; Vol. 48 Suppl (9):486.
Waddell 2003c {published data only}
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- Waddell DD, Cefalu CA, Bricker DC. [An open‐label study of a second course of hylan G‐F 20 for the treatment of pain associated with knee osteoarthritis]. Current Medical Research and Opinion 2003;19(6):499‐507. - PubMed
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- Weiss C, Tillero W, Balazs L. The treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee with hylan GF20 in orthopaedic practice. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 1999;7 Suppl (A):37.
Wobig 1999d {published data only}
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- Wobig M, Beks P, Dickhut A, Maier R, Vetter. Open‐label multicenter trial of the safety and efficacy of viscosupplementation with hylan G‐F20 (Synvisc) in primary osteoarthritis of the knee. Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 1999;5 Suppl (6):24‐31.
Wulwik 2001 {published data only}
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- Wulwik A, Bertocci S, Raude‐Leroy V, Lleu PL. [Efficacy and safety of Synvisc in severe knee osteoarthritis (OA): experience from a large cohort of patients followed in private rheumatological practice]. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2001;60 Suppl (I):226.
Yoh 1989 {published data only}
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- Yoh K, Tsuji H, Maruoka T, Tateishi H. Clinical results of intra‐articular treatment with sodium hyaluronate in osteoarthritis of the knee. Clinical Rheumatology 1989;2(2):132‐6.
Zamora‐Quezada 2004 {published data only}
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- Zamora‐Quezada J. [Clinical practice adoption of a Touch‐Screen Outcome Patient Surveys (TOPS) in the management of chronic pain of osteoarthriis]. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2004;50(9(Suppl)):S468‐9.
References to studies awaiting assessment
Anand 2004 {published data only}
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- Anand S, Mitchell S, Bamforth C, Asumu T, Buch KA. [Effect of intra‐articular injection of sodum hyaluronate on recovery after arthroscopic knee surgery]. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2004;12 Suppl (2):141.
Blanco Garcia 2004 {published data only}
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- Blanco Garcia FJ, Fernandez Sueiro JL, Pinto JA, Fernandez Lopez JC, Ramos M, Gimeno M, Coronel P, Galdo F. [Treating of patients with knee osteoarthritis waiting by replacement surgery with intra‐articular hyaluronic acid (Adant)]. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2004;12 Suppl (2):142‐3.
Briliantono 1996 {published data only}
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- Soenarwo Briliantono M. [Treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee by intra‐articular hyaluronic acid]. Immunology and Cell Biology 1996;74:A16.
Caracuel 2001 {published data only}
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Castro 2005 {published data only}
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- Castro C, Font P, Munoz E, Frias G, Caracuel MA, Vacas J, Perez V, Escudero A, Lopez P, Collantes E. Efficacy and safety of intra‐articular hyaluronic acid compared (HA) to steroid injections in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2005;64(Suppl III):EULAR, June 8‐11, Austria, Vienna.
Garcia 2004 {published data only}
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- Garcia B. [A comparative study: adverse reactions to Synvisc(R) but not Hyalgan(R)]. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) On‐Line Service 2004;71st Annual Meeting, March 10‐14, San Francisco(Annual Meeting Poster Presentations).
Gur 2002 {published data only}
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- Gur A, Kylync S, Sarac AJ, Nas K, Cevik R. Effects of intra‐articular hyaluronic acid and corticosteroid in the patients with serious knee osteoarthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2002;61 Suppl (EULAR).
Joergensen 2005 {published data only}
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- Joergensen A, Stengaard‐Pedersen K. [Hyaluronan intra‐articular is without clinical effect in knee osteoarthritis (OA). A multicentre, randomised, placebo controlled, double‐blind study]. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2005;64(Suppl III):EULAR, June 8‐11, Vienna, Austria. - PubMed
Kilinc 2002 {published data only}
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- Kilinc S, Gur A, Sarac AJ, Nas K, Cevik R. Comparison of intra‐articular hyaluronic acid and physiotherapy in the management of serious knee osteoarthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2002;61 Suppl (EULAR).
Kim 2000 {published data only}
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- Kim SB, Yoon K, Park HS, Kwak H, Ha NJ, Park JS. The effect of intra‐articular hyaluronic acid and steroid injection in osteoarthritis of the knee. Journal of the Korean Academy of Rehabilition Medicine 2000;24(4):747‐55.
Koyuncu 2002a {published data only}
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- Koyunci H, Kinc A, Ozkul Y, Yucel E. Clinical, functional and radiological efficacy and tolerability of hyaluronate in osteoarthritis ‐ an open study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2002;61 Suppl (EULAR).
Kuzmanova 2005 {published data only}
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- Kuzmanova SI, Solakov PT. [Sodium hyaluronate 500‐730 KDA (Hyalgan) intra‐articularly after treatment of synovitis in primary active osteoarthritis of the knee joint with betamethasone]. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2005;64(Suppl III):EULAR, June 8‐11, Vienna, Austria.
Lee 2002 {published data only}
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- Lee DC, Beak SH, Sohn WJ, Shin KS, Han JH. Effect of the hyaluronic acid on osteoarthritis of the knee. Journal of the Korean Knee Society 2002;14(2):213‐21.
Lucangeli 2001 {published data only}
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- Lucangeli A, Gugelmetto M, Primon D. Physical therapy and intraarticular hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis [Terapia fisica e acido ialuronico per via intra‐articolare nel trattamento della gonartrosi]. Revista Italiana di Biologia e Medicina 2001;21(1‐2):5‐10.
Petrella 2002a {published data only}
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- Petrella RJ, Alkemade SJ, Salvatori VA. Sodium hyaluronate for functional improvement of the osteoarthritic knee ‐ three and six injections. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2002;10 Suppl (A):71.
Renk[inodot]tepe 20 {published data only}
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- Renkl[inodot]tepe N, Atalay E. The effect of intra‐articular sodium hyaluronate therapy in knee osteoarthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2000;59 Suppl (1).
Russell 2003 {published data only}
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- Russell ID, Baker D, Johnson SR. [A comparison of synvisc and arthroscopic lavage in the mangement of osteoarthritis of the knee]. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2003;85‐B Suppl (II):106.
Shariati 2001 {published data only}
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- Shariati J, Hatef M, Jokar M. Intraarticular Hylan G‐F20 (Synvisc) in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. The Journal of Rheumatology 2001;28 Suppl (63):3.
Sinha 2003 {published data only}
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- Sinha S, Singh BJ, Thilagarajah M, Housden P. [Single vs multiple dose intra‐articular hyaluronic acid in patients with osteoarthritis knee ‐ a prospective clinical trial]. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2003;11 Suppl (A):43.
Stitik 2004 {published data only}
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- Stitik TP, Foye PM, Stiskal DM, Nadler SF, Chen B, Schoenherr L. [Intra‐articular hyaluronate (MW 500‐730 KDA) therapy and concomitant home exercise strengthening: an effective additive therapeutic algorithm for osteoarthritis of the knee]. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2004;12 Suppl (2):84.
Talwalkar 2005 {published data only}
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- Talwalkar NC, Russell DI, Johnson S. [Management of osteoarthritis of the knee, knee lavage compared with intraarticular hylan G‐F 20 (Synvisc) injections]. Journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association 2005;79(3):S57.
Xu 2005 {published data only}
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- Xu P, Guo X, Jin WZ, Yao J, Zhang Y, Cai Q. Clinical observaion on effect of intra‐articular injection of sodium hyaluronate accompanied with external application of sanhua ointment for knee osteoarthritis [[Chinese]]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi [Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine] 2005;25(7):620‐2. - PubMed
Za 2002 {published data only}
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- Za ZG, Song YC, Zao MJ, Liu CF. Comparison of therapeutic results of Danshen and sodium hyaluronate injection for knee osteoarthritis. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 2002;6(24):3746‐7.
References to ongoing studies
Anonymous 1999 {unpublished data only}
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- Orthovisc compared to saline: a double‐blind, randomised controlled trial. Anika Therapeutics Press Release August 1999.
Hempfling 2003 {published and unpublished data}
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- Hempfling H. Long‐term outcome of synovial fluid substitution with Viscoseal post‐arthroscopy. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2003;11 Suppl (A):79.
ISRCTN43185756 {published data only}
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- Department of Health, London, UK Phase III trial.
ISRCTN51421587 {published data only}
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ISRCTN82192623 {published data only}
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- Prospective randomised single blind trial comparing the effectiveness of combined arthroscopic washout and intra articular hyaluronan injection to intra articular hyaluronan injection and arthroscopic washout in isolation, for osteoarthritis of the knee.
NCT00130468 {published data only}
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NCT00131352 {published data only}
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NCT00139295 {published data only}
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Russell 2001 {published data only}
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